ANNUAL REPORTS, WAR DEPARTMENT FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1913 REPORT'OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY 1913 IN THREE PARTS PART WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY. 1913. 1 0 11482 -ENG 1913 11482°-ENG 1913-- 11 1 WAR DEPARTMENT. Document No. 446. Office of the Chief of Engineers. REPORT OF * THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY.* WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, Washington, August 11, 1913. From: The Chief of Engineers. To: The Secretary of War. Subject: Annual Report. I present for your information the following report upon the duties and operations of the Engineer Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913. OFFICERS OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. The number of officers holding commissions in the Corps of Engi- neers at the end of the fiscal year was 201, a net increase during the year of 7. Since July 1, 1912, the Corps of Engineers has lost three of its officers-Capt. Charles T. Leeds, who was retired from active service on account of disability incident thereto, under the provisions of sec- tion 1251, Revised Statutes; Lieut. Col. Graham D. Fitch, who was retired from active service upon his own request, on October 11, 1912, under the provisions of section 1243, Revised Statutes, after more than 34 years' service; and Capt. Edward M. Adams, who was retired from active service as a major, on February 27, 1913, under the pro- visions of an act of Congress approved October 1, 1890. There were added to the Corps of Engineers during the fiscal year, by appointment from civil life, 1 probational second hlieutenant, whose commission dates from March 3, 1913, for a period of 1 year, and by the assignment of 9 second lieutenants, graduates of the United States Military Academy, whose commissions date from June 12, 1913. On the 30th of June, 1913, the distribution of officers of Engineers, according to their duties, was as follows: Chief of Engineers, in command of the Engineer Department, etc---- .. 1 Assistants to the Chief of Engineers_ 7 On duty in the office of the Chief of Engineers __------.. __ -- __-- 2 River and harbor work and fortification work_.......__ ------- - 19 River and harbor work, fortification work, The Board of Engineers, and de- partment engineer, eastern department-__-- ------- __ -________- 1 River and harbor work, fortification work, The Board of Engineers, and lighthouse duty ----------------------------------------------- 1 River and harbor work and The Board of Engineers .--------------------- 1 4 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. River and harbor work and lighthouse duty____-----------_---_-_-_- 5 River and harbor work, fortification work, and lighthouse duty-_-___---- 5 River and harbor work, department engineer, central department, and light- house duty1--------------------------------------------------- River and harbor work, fortification work, and department engineer, south- ern department----------- ------------------------------ 1 River and harbor work, fortification work, department engineer, western department, and lighthouse duty-----------.------- .. 1 River and harbor work---------------- -------------------------- 26 River and harbor work, fortificatido work, and preparing plans for defense of Panama Canal-------------------------------------- ---------- 1 River and harbor work and Fort Riley Military Reservation-,------------1 River and harbor work, fortification work, department engineer, Hawaiian department, and lighthouse duty_---------------------------------1 River and harbor work and Vicksburg Military Park--------------------1 River and harbor work, fortification work, and assistant department engi- neer, western department --------------------------------------- 1 River and harbor work, fortification work, and assistant department engi- neer, Hawaiian department- ------- -------------------- 1 Fortification work and department engineer, Philippine department--.---- 1 Fortification work, Philippine Islands-..-.--------- _----------_- 1 On duty with and under the Panama Canal Commission- __----------- 11 On duty with the General Staff Corps--__.----------- ---------- 2 With the government of the District of Columbia------------------ --- 3 On duty at the Army War College-_ -_ ----------------------- _-- 2 Public buildings and grounds, District of Columbia -------.. --....... _ - 1 On duty aib the service schools, Fort Leavenworth, Kans----------------- 3 At Engineer School, Washington Barracks, D. C., and with troops sta- tioned there -------------------------------------------------- 18 On duty with troops at Fort Leavenworth, Kans. (in Texas) ------------- 19 On duty with troops at Vancouver Barracks, Wash_-------.......- 3 On duty with troops in the Hawaiian Islands ------------------------ 3 On duty with troops in the Philippine Islands.-- --------------------- 11 On duty connected with militia affairs---------------------- 2 On duty as military attache, Tokyo, Japan_------------------------ ---. 1 On duty at the Engineer Depot, Washington Barracks, D. C___ 1--------- On duty at the Army Field Engineer School, Fort Leavenworth, Kans----- 2 On duty with The Board of Engineers -------------------------------- 1 On duty at the United States Military Academy----------------------- 12 Improvement of the Yellowstone National Park--------------------_ ... 1 Superintendent of the State, War, and Navy Building-----------_------ 1 On special duty ---------- ------ ------------------ ----- 1 On duty connected with the defenses of Panama Canal_---------------- 1 Under instruction at the Engineer School, Washington Barracks, D. C.... 8 Road work in Alaska------.------------------------------------ 1 Aeronautical duty ------- ----------------------------- 1. On leave of absence..-------- ------------------------------------ 4 On graduating leave of absence----------------------------------- 9 201 The above table shows that out of a total of 201 officers only 72 or approximately 36 per cent, were on duty wholly under the control of the Chief of Engineers; 38, or 19 per cent, more were performing some duty under the control of the Chief of Engineers while at the same time performing other duties under various other branches of the Government; while 77, or 38 per cent, of the entire corps were on duty entirely detached from the control and supervision of the Chief of Engineers; in addition 4 were on leave of absence, and 9 were on graduation leave from the United States Military Academy. With regard to the character of the duties performed, 50 officers were engaged on nonmilitary duty exclusively, 92 on military duty exclusively, while 44 were performing both military and nonmilitary ENGINEER TROOPS. duty. The diversified character of the duties assigned to the Corps of Engineers is well shown by this table. An increase in the Corps of Engineers was provided for by Con- gress in section 5 of the river and harbor act approved February 27, 1911. Under the provisions of this act of Congress 12 original vacancies were immediately created, and 12 additional vacancies were created on February 27 of each of the two subsequent years, so that the au- thorized strength of the Corps gfEngineers is now 224 officers. Since the assignment to the Corps of Engineers of the cadets graduat- ing in the fiscal year 1913 there remain 23 vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant, which, under the provisions of the law quoted above, may be filled from civil life. ENGINEER TROOPS. Under the provisions of section 11 of the act of February 2, 1901, the enlisted force of the Corps of Engineers consists of one band and three battalions of Engineers, each battalion consisting of one ser- geant major, one quartermaster sergeant, and four companies, each company having a maximum authorized strength of 164 enlisted men. At the present time the band, the First and Second Battalions, and one company of the Third Battalion are stationed within the con- tinental limits of the United States, the headquarters and three com- panies of the Third Battalion being on foreign service. The Engineer troops required to provide the present tactical organization of the mobile Army within the continental limits of the United States, with its proper complement of Engineers, in ac- cordance with the provisions of Field Service Regulations, 1910, are as shown in the following table: Unit. Engineers required. Cavalry Division.................................................... 1 battalion (mounted) of 3 companies. First Division................ .... ............ ............... 1 battalion of 3 companies. Second Division .............................................. .. Do. Third Division ............................................. Do. Field Army ......... ..................................... Do. As there are, as indicated above, only nine companies of Engineers at present available within the continental limits of the United States and as none of these are mounted, it would appear that the necessary steps should be taken to provide as soon as possible, first, a mounted battalion of Engineers for the Cavalry Division, and, second, the three additional companies required for the three di- visional and one field Army battalions, providing at the same time for the reorganization of the existing Engineer battalions into battalions of three companies each. It is accordingly recommended that effort be made to secure the legislation necessary to provide for the increased number of Engineer troops required and permit of the reorganization indicated above. In this connection attention is invited to the recommendations made in the annual reports of the Chief of Engineers for the past five years regarding the establishment of certain higher grades of 6 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. noncommissioned officers in the Corps of Engineers, comparable to those in certain other branches of the service, and this recommenda- tion is renewed. The highly technical nature of certain of the duties devolving on noncommissioned officers of Engineers in the field demand a high grade of enlisted men and should be provided for by adequate rank and compensation. Attention is also invited to the recommendations contained in an- nual reports of prior years fpr an increase in the number of cooks in an Engineer company, and also for the change in the designation of the present grade of" private second class" to that of " private." These recommendations are renewed. THE" BOARD OF ENGINEERS. The regulations for the government of the Corps of Engineers provide for a board of engineers, consisting of not less than three officers designated by the Chief of Engineers, with the sanction of the Secretary of War. This board acts in an advisory capacity to the Chief of Engineers upon important questions of engineering. One of its principal duties is to plan or revise the projects for permanent fortifications of the United States. The following changes have taken place in the personnel of the board since the date of the last annual report: Capt. F. A. Pope, Corps of Engineers, relieved Capt. E. M. Adams, Corps of Engi- neers, as recorder and disbursing officer, on December 28, 1912; Col. Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, was detailed a member on June 13, 1913, vice Col. William T. Rossell, Corps of Engineers, relieved. As at present constituted The Board of Engineers is composed of Col. W. M. Black, Corps of Engineers; Col. S. W. Roessler, Corps of Engineers; Col. Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers; Lieut. Col. E. B. Babbitt, Ordnance Department; Capt. Francis A. Pope, Corps of Engineers, recorder and disbursing officer. In addition, division engineers in whose divisions there are forti- fications are members of The Board of Engineers when matters per- taining to defensive works in their respective divisions are under consideration by the board. During the fiscal year the board has reported upon various subjects connected with fortification work. FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. The scheme of national defense upon which work was in progress between 1888 and 1906 was based primarily upon a report submitted January 16, 1886, by the " Board on Fortifications or Other De- fenses," commonly designated the Endicott Board. On January 31, 1905, the President organized a board, with the Secretary of War, Hon. W. H. Taft, as president, to review the projects for the United States and for the insular possessions, to indicate the localities where defenses were most urgently needed, and to determine the character and general extent of the defenses, with their estimated cost. This board is known as the National Coast Defense Board. The board submitted its final report February 1, 1906. FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 7 Permanent seacoast defenses have been installed at the following localities in the United States: 1. Kennebec River, Maine. 14. Charleston, S. C. 2. Portland, Me. 15. Port Royal, S. C. 3. Portsmouth, N. H. 16. Savannah, Ga. 4. Boston, Mass. 17. Key West, Fla. 5. New Bedford, Mass. 18. Tampa Bay, Florida. 6. Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. 19. Pensacola, Fla. 7. Eastern entrance to Long Island 20.,Mobile, Ala. Sound. 21. New Orleans, La. 8. New York, N. Y. 22. Galveston, Tex. 9. Delaware River. 23. San Diego, Cal. 10. Baltimore, Md. 24. San Francisco, Cal. 11. Washington, D. C. 25. ColumbiaRiver, Oregon and Wash- 12. Hampton Roads, Virginia. ington. 13. Cape Fear River, North Carolina. 26. Puget Sound, Washington. In accordance with the report of the board above mentioned addi- tional defenses are to be constructed at some of these points and also at the entrance to Chesapeake Bay and at Los Angeles, Cal., as funds are provided by Congress. While the National Coast Defense Board scheme was, in general, sufficient to meet the defensive requirements of our seacoast, these requirements may be subject to change to meet changes in military conditions and in commercial and naval vessels. This scheme car- ried an estimate amounting to $10,836,400 for emplacemenf construc- tion (not including electric light or power or land for sites). Appro- priations to date, since the submission of the report of the board, aggregate $405,064. Appropriations for construction of gun and mortar batteries have been made as follows: Act of- Act of- Aug. 18, 1890------ $1, 221,000.00 May 7, 1898------ $3. 000,000.00 Feb. 24, 1891 __--- 750. 000 00 July 7, 1898------- 2, 562, 000 100 July 23, 1802 _----- 500. 000 00 Mar. 3, 1899-------. , 000, 000 00 Feb. 18, 1893 --- - 50, 000. 00 May 25. 1900----- 2, 000, 000. 00 Aug. 1, 1894 ------- 500. 000 00 Mar. 1, 1901------- 1, 615, 000. 00 Mar. 2, 1895 ------ 500. 000 00 June 6. 1902 ------ 2, 000, 000. 00 June 6, 1896 ------ 2, 400, 000 00 Mar. 3, 1903--... 2, 236, 425. 00 Mar. 3, 1897__---- 3, 841, 333 00 Apr 21, 1904-... 700, 000. 00 Allotments from the May 27, 1908 ------ 300, 000. 00 appropriation for Mar. 3, 1909 ...... 5. 064.00 "Nationa 1 de- Feb. 13, 1913 ..... 100, 000. 00 fense," act of Mar. 9, 1898_-_.. 3, 827, 842. 80 Total---------- 29, 108, 664. 80 Preparations are now being made for the additional work author- ized by the last fortification act, and with a view to continuing this work an estimate of $250,000 is submitted. Modernizing older emplacements.-Much remains to be done to place the older batteries in satisfactory condition for most efficient operation, including the altering of projectile hoists to meet present requirements, widening loading platforms, platform lighting, etc. The fortification appropriation act approved February 13, 1913, provided $25,000 for this purpose. Work under this appropriation is in progress. For continuing the most urgently needed work under this head an estimate of $175,000 is submitted. 8 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. Appropriations for modernizing older emplacements have been made as follows: Act of- Mar. 3, 1905 -- ----------------------------------- $45 o.0000 June 25, 1906. 0,0----------------------- 00 Mar. 2, 1907 ---------------------------------------- 100, 000.00 May 27, 1908 (new application of funds appropriated for pneu- matic-dynamite batteries) ---------------- 1-------- 105, 261. 86 Mar. 3, 1909- __--------------_- _100,000. 00 Feb. 13, 1913 ----------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Total ----- --------------------------------------- 90,261. 86 Fire control at fortiflcations.-Such progress has been made dur- ing the fiscal year as funds assigned to the Engineer Department have permitted. This appropriation is distributed by the Secretary of War among the Engineer and Ordnance Departments and :the Signal Corps for expenditure. No appropriation for this purpose was made in the last fortification act. Prior to 1905 appropriations for this work, so far as performed by the Engineer Department, were made under the title " Installa- tion of range and position finders," as follows: Act of- July 7, 1898--------------------------------------------. $10, 000 May 25, 1900----- ------------------------------ . 150, 000 Mar. 1, 1901 .-------.....----------..----------------- --------- 150, 000 June 6, 1902--------------------------------------------- 325, 000 Mar. 3, 1903------------------------------------------- 223, 500 Apr. 21, 1904 ----------------------- --------------- --- 225, 000 Total ------------------- -------------------------- 1, 223, 500 Later appropriations have been made, under the title " Fire Control at Fortifications," applicable to the work of the Engineer and Ord- nance Departments and the Signal Corps. The amounts appro- priated and the portions thereof assigned to the Engineer Depart- ment are as follows: Appro- Assigned to Appro- Assigned to Act of- prated. Engineer Act of-- Ard aEngineer S Department. pated. Department. Mar. 3, 1905.......... $1,000, 000.00 $590,000.00 June 23,1910......... $00, 000.00 June 25, 1906......... 700,000.00 217,631.37 Mar. 4, 1911.......... 1O,00,000.00 $102,772.89 Mar. 2, 1907.......... 900, 000.00 432, 784.81 June 6, 1912.... .... 100,000.00 May 27, 1908.......... 270,256.00 129, 456.00 Mar. 3, 1909.......... 247,055.00 211,555.00 Total............ 3, 517,311.00 1,684, 200.07 Electrical installations.-The National Coast Defense Board esti- mated that $5,216,031 would be required to furnish the necessary electrical equipment for the defenses of the United States in addition to the current required for searchlights. Funds have been provided by Congress for this purpose as follows: Act of- May 27, 1908----------------------------------------------- $348, 888 Mar. 3, 1909---------------------------------------------- 100, 000 Mar. 4, 1911 ----------- 50, 000 Feb. 13, 1913--------------------- .-- 50, 000 Total---..------------ - ---- - .--- 548, 888 FOBTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 9 The funds provided in the act of February 13, 1913, are being applied to the purchase and installation of a few generating sets where most needed. For continuing the installation of this equipment at the defenses where they are considered to be most needed an estimate of $60,000 is submitted. Searchlights.-The procurement and installation of searchlight equipment has been continued during.the past fiscal year. The act of February 13, 1913, has provided $100,000 for this purpose, and this amount will all be required for expenditure during the present year. To carry on the work of installation an estimate of $200,000 is submitted. Appropriations for searchlights have been made as follows: Act of-- Mar. 1, 1901 (New York Harbor) - ------------- -__ $150,000 June 6, 1902 ------------------------------------------- 150, 000 Mar. 3, 1903---------------------- 150, 000 Apr. 21, 1904 ------------------------------------------ 150,000 Mar. 3, 1905---------- ----------------- 200, 000 June 25, 1906-------------- -------------------------- 125, 000 Mar. 2, 1907 -- -------------------------------------- 210, 000 May 27, 1908__ ------------------------------ 210, 000 Mar. 3, 1909-- --------------------------- ------ 210, 000 June 23, 1910---- -------------------------------------- 50, 000 Mar. 4, 1911--------------------- -- 50, 000 June 6, 1912 (reappropriated from balances of other funds) ___ 25, 000 Feb. 13, 1913- ------------ -------------------- 100, 000 Total---------------- --------------------------- 1, 780, 000 Sites for fortifications.-The fortification act approved February 13, 1913, provided $100,000 for this purpose, it being the intention that this amount, with a balance of $50,000 from previous appropri- ations, would be applied to the acquisition of land at Cape Henry, Va. Negotiations for the acquisition of this land have been in progress, but the offers received from the owners of the land re- quired have been largely in excess of the amount available. No further operations under this appropriation have accordingly been conducted, beyond negotiations for a few small parcels of ground, required for appurtenances to fortifications. Appropriations for sites for fortifications have been made as follows: Act of---- Act of- Aug. 18, 1890---------- $500, 000 Mar. 1, 1901 $200, 000 ..---------- Feb. 24, 1891 ----------- 500, 000 June 6, 1902---------- 200, 000 July 23, 1892------ ----- 500, 000 Mar. 3, 1903----------- 200, 000 Feb. 18, 1893----------- 175, 000 Apr. 21, 1904---------- 100, 000 Aug. 1, 1894---------- 150, 000 May 27, 1908---------- 121, 048 June 6, 1896----------- 500, 000 Mar. 3, 1909----------- 250, 000 Mar. 3, 1897----------- 300,000 Feb. 13, 1913---------- 100, 000 May 7, 1898-.---------- 300,000 Mar. 3, 1899----------- 300,000 Total------------- 4, 596, 048 May 25, 1900----------- 200, 000 Preservation and repair of fortiflcations.-The modern defenses now existing represent an expenditure of approximately $29,000,000 for battery construction alone. These extensive works contain much costly machinery and ordnance material, and must be kept properly 10 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. painted and repaired to be effective when needed. The sum of $200,000 was provided for this purpose in the fortification act of February 13, 1913, and this amount is only sufficient for absolutely necessary work of maintenance and for a very few smaller items of repair. Much desirable and necessary work is now awaiting future appropriations. An estimate of $200,000 for preservation and repair is submitted, and it is strongly recommendgd (in the interest of economy and effi- cient service) that this amount be appropriated. Appropriations for preservation and repair of fortifications have been made as follows: Act of-- Act of-- Sept. 22, 1888----------$100, 000 Mar. 3, 1903---....------- $300, 000 Mar. 2, 1889------------100, 000 Apr. 21, 1904.---------- 300, 000 Aug. 18, 1890----------- 80,000 Mar. 3, 1905----------- 300, 000 Feb. 24, 1891----------- 80, 000 June 25, 1906_---------- 200, 000 July 23, 1892----------- 60, 000 Mar. 2, 1907 200, 000 Feb. 18, 1893-----------45, 000 May 27, 1908---------- 225, 000 Aug. 1, 1894---------- -- 45, 000 Mar. 3, 1909 ----------- 225, 000 Mar. 2, 1895------------ 45, 000 June 23, 1910 300, 000 June 6, 1896------------50,000 Mar. 4, 1911 __ 300,000 Mar. 3, 1897------------ 100, 000 June 6, 1912 (including May 7, 1898------------ 100, 000 $125,000 reappropri- Mar. 3, 1899------------ 100, 000 ated from balances of May 25, 1900----------- 100, 000 other funds) -------- 300,000 Mar. 1, 1901------------100, 000 Feb. 13, 1913...-----------200, 000 Feb. 14, 1902----------- 3, 000 June 6, 1902------------ 300,000 Total------- 4,258, 000 Plans for fortifications.-Fundsappropriated for this purpose are expended in the preparation or revision of projects and plans of works for the permanent fortification of the United States. This work is one of the principal duties of The Board of Engineers. Beginning with the act of March 2, 1889, an appropriation of $5,000 for the work has been carried in each fortification appropriation act, and an estimate of this amount is submitted this year. Supplies for seacoast defenses.-This appropriation is designed for the maintenance and repair of searchlights and electric light and power equipment for seacoast fortifications, and for tools, electrical, and other supplies and appliances to be used in their operation. The act of February 13, 1913, appropriated $40,000 for this pur- pose. As the earlier electric plants become worn with use, and as addi- tional plants and electrical and searchlight apparatus are installed from time to time, the demands upon the funds for the purchase of these supplies increase. The sum of $40,000 is estimated as necessary for the procurement of the regular electrical supplies for the next fiscal year. A satisfactory form of reserve electric lantern has been produced as the result of exhaustive tests. To supply these lanterns in suffi- cient quantities to all batteries in service an estimate of $19,500 was originally submitted. Of this amount the sum of $10,000 was appro- priated in the act of March 3, 1909, and under this appropriation lights have been purchased and issued to the fortifications so far as the funds available would permit. It is proposed, with the approval of Congress, to complete the procurement of these lanterns as funds from the general appropriation for "Supplies for seacoast defenses" FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 11 will permit without asking a special appropriation, and the estimates submitted this year contain recommended legislation permitting this. Appropriations for supplies for seacoast defenses have been made as follows: Act of-- Act of-- May 25, 1900 ----------- $25, 000 May 27, 1908----------$44, 500 Mar. 1, 1901------------ 25,000 Mar. 3, 1909-----------40, 000 June 6, 1902----------- 25,000 June 23, 1910----------- 45,000 Mar. 3, 1903------------ 35, 000 * Mar. 4, 1911------------45,000 Apr. 21, 1904----------- 35,000 June 6, 1912 ------------ 45,000 Mar. 3, 1905------------ 40,000 Feb. 13, 1913------------ 40,000 June 25, 1906 30, 000 Mar. 2, 1907------------40, 000 Total--------------- 514,500 Sea walls and embankments.-The large number of seacoast reser- vations renders necessary a considerable expenditure of funds to prevent the washing away of valuable land by the ordinary action of the waves and to repair damages done by occasional violent storms. STo provide for maintenance and necessary extensions of existing sea walls and such new sea walls as may be necessary, an estimate of $40,000 is submitted. Appropriations for sea walls and embankments, exclusive of those for particular localities, have been made as follows: Act of- Act of- Sept. 22, 1888---------$117, 000 Mar. 3, 1905 ------- $19,400 June 6, 1896----------- 17, 975 June 25, 1906----------- 50, 000 Mar. 3, 1897-----------33, 000 Mar. 2, 1907-----------25, 000 May 7, 1898------------55, 000 May 27, 1908-----------50, 000 Mar. 3, 1899--- --------- 2, 500 Mar. 3, 1909 _ 50, 000 May 25, 1900----------- 50, 000 June 6, 1912 (reappro- Mar. 1, 1901-----------100, 000 priated from balances June 6, 1902-----------100, 000 of other funds)------ 25, 000 Mar. 3, 1903 ----------- 89, 575 Apr. 21, 1904----------- 99, 000 Total ------------- 883,450 Repair and protection of defenses of Charleston, Pensacola, Mo- bile, and New Orleans.-Forrepairs and sea walls at these localities, rendered necessary by storms, the following estimates were submitted to Congress in 1906: Charleston, S. C., for the construction of the sea wall necessary for the protection of Fort Moultrie-_--_----- ------------------- $225, 600 Pensacola, Fla., for building sea walls for the protection of the sites of the fortifications and of the necessary post buildings at Forts Pickens and McRee------......---------------------------------907,100 Pensacola, Fla., for repair and restoration of batteries and other structures appurtenant to the defenses of Pensacola, and for retain- ing walls to protect the batteries from floods------------------- 109, 355 Mobile, Ala., for repair and restoration of batteries and other struc- tures appurtenant to the defenses of Mobile, and for rebuilding sea walls and groins for protection of the sites of the fortifications of the garrison posts------ -------------------------------- 1, 089, 500 New Orleans, La., for rebuilding and strengthening the levees for protection of the site of the defenses and the garrison post at Fort St. Philip ---------------------------------------------------- 139, 800 In 1907, 1908, and 1909 appropriations were made covering the estimates for Charleston, Mobile, and Pensacola. The work at Charleston and Mobile has been completed, and that at Pensacola practically completed. 12 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. In 1907 the sum of $100,000 was appropriated for the levees at Fort St. Philip. This amount was insufficient to protect the entire reservation and a portion thereof was abandoned to overflow, the most important portion being inclosed by levees. Provision for addi- tional protection has been made by the Mississippi River Commis- sion. The appropriations for these items of work have been as follows: Act of Mar. 2, 1907: * Sea wall, Fort Moultrie, S. C-- -------------------------- $100, 000 Repair and protection of defenses of New Orleans, La---------- 100, 000 Repair and protection of defenses of Pensacola, Fla. (for sea wall) ------------------------------------------ 400,000 Repair and protection of defenses of Pensacola, Fla. (for bat- teries, etc.) ------------------ --------------------- ---- 50, 000 Repair and protection of defenses of Mobile, Ala- ........- - 500, 000 -... Act of May 27, 1908: Sea wall, Fort Moultrie, S. C------------ ------------------ 125, 600 Repair and protection of defenses of Pensacola, Fla. (for bat- teries, etc.) -------------------------------------------- 59,355 Repair and protection of defenses of Mobile, Ala--- 500 5------------89, Act of Mar. 3, 1909, repair and protection of defenses of Pensacola, Fla. (for sea walls) _----------------- --- ---- 507, 100 Under the provisions of the fortification appropriation act of June 6, 1912, balances of these appropriations have been applied to other objects of expenditure, as follows: Sea wall, Fort Moultrie, S. C----------------------------------- $8, 992 Repair and protection of defenses of Pensacola, Fla.: For batteries, etc------------------------------------------ 1, 008 For sea walls------------------------------------------- 40,000 Repair and protection of defenses of Mobile, Ala__----------- ---. 96,000 146, 000 Sea walls, defenses of Galveston, Tex.-The defensive works at Galveston are unavoidably in most exposed positions, and the level of the lands surrounding the batteries was greatly lowered by the storm of September 8, 1900. Work of reconstruction and repair of the Galveston defenses is now completed under the appropriation of $992,000 contained in the fortification act approved March 1, 1901. With the funds so provided, and in accordance with the plans before Congress when that appropriation was made, each individual battery has been made secure against any similar storms which are likely to occur in the future. For building a sea wall and filling up the reservation at Fort Crockett to a height above storm tides the sums of $591,046.25 and $158,953.75 were appropriated in the sundry civil appropriation acts of April 28, 1904, and June 30, 1906, aggregating $750,000. The re- taining wall in the rear of the reservation has been undermined by washouts, permitting portions of the fill to escape. With a view to remedying this condition it is contemplated to provide for an exten- sion upon private land of the fill at the adopted grade of 2 per cent until it intersects, the natural surface of the ground (the consent of the owners being first obtained) ; the estimated cost of this work is $88,000. For a sea wall and fill at Fort Travis the sum of $440,000 was pro- vided in the fortification appropriation act approved March 3, 1909. FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 18 The work under this appropriation is' approaching completion. Under the provisions of the fortification appropriation act of June 6, 1912, a balance of $65,000 pertaining to this appropriation has been applied to other objects of expenditure. Similar protection is required at Fort San Jacinto. Certain claims to portions of this reservation adverse to the title of the United States have during recent years operated to prevent any work of improve- ment upon the reservation. All valid claims adverse to the title of the United States have now, in the opinion of the Department of Jus- tice, been extinguished, and the congtruction of a sea wall for the pro- tection of the reservation can now be begun whenever funds therefor may be provided. Repair and protection of the defenses of key West, Fa.--On October 14, and again on October 17, 1910, severe hurricanes were experienced at Key West, Fla., the wind velocities reaching 60 and 105 miles per hour, respectively. The storms occasioned considerable damage to the defensive works at Key West, demolishing a number of fire-control structures, storehouses, etc., washing away the sand cover of certain batteries, and entirely destroying the approach to the wharf being constructed for the torpedo service and for landing vessels with supplies, etc., for the general use of the garrison. The repairs of these damages were provided for so far as practicqble from funds appropriated for general maintenance work, but certain items of work, including principally the restoration of the wharf, required a special appropriation. The fortification appropriation act of June 6, 1912, provided $36,000 for this purpose. Work under this appropriation is approaching completion. Preservation and repair of torpedo structures.-A large number of new torpedo-defense structures have been constructed. Situated as they are at exposed locations on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, the requirements for the maintenance of these struc- tures are considerable. The act of February 13, 1913, provided $20,000 for this purpose. This sum is being applied to such minor repairs and maintenance as are found from time to time to be most urgently necessary. In view of the very large number of these struc- tures and the necessity for frequent repairing and minor repairs to prevent marked deterioration in the buildings, the sum of $20,000 has not been sufficient during the past year for all necessary work, and an estimate of $30,000 is submitted this year. Appropriations for preservation and repair of torpedo structures have been made as follows: Act of-- Act of- June 25, 1906 ---------- $10, 000 Mar. 4, 1911------------- 20,000 Mar. 2, 1907------------ 10, 000 June 6, 1912 ------------ 20,000 May 27, 1908------------ 15, 000 Feb. 13, 1913----------- 20, 000 Mar. 3, 1909------------ 20,000 June 23, 1910------------ 20, 000 Total ----------------- 135, 000 Submarine mines.-Prior to the act of June 6, 1902, all work in connection with the submarine-mine defense was under the Engineer Department. This act assigned to the Artillery the purchase of torpedo material proper, leaving to the Engineer Department the erection of casemates, galleries, storehouses, and other necessary structures. 14 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. To provide additional stiructures which are necessary under existing projects, an estimate of $35,000 is submitted. Appropriations for work under the Engineer Department, begin- ning with the act of June 6, 1902, have been as follows: Act of- Act of- June 6, 1902 ........ - $33. 000 May 27, 1908 ........ 175, 000 .......... Mar. 3, 1903-------- 50. 000 Mar. 3, 1909------..... 100. 000 Apr. 21, 1904 ........-- 87, 000 Mar. 4, 1911 -------- 50. 000 Mar. 3, 1905 ........- - () 40( 00 June 25, 1906---------........ 175. 000. Total------------- 1, 245, 000 Mar. 2, 1907---------- 175. 000 The following money statements show the condition on June 30, 1913, of all general appropriations under which operations were in progress in the United States at the close of the fiscal year: " GUN AND MORTAR BATTERIES." For battery construction. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted----------____----------- -- $11, 974. 80 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated--------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 111, 974. 80 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year --------------- _ 4. 314. 33 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted --------------------------- 107, 660. 47 July 1, 1913, amount pledged --- ---------- - 100, 000. 00 July 1, 1913, amount available for miscellaneous work--------..... 7, 660. 47 For modernizing older emplacements. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted-_---------------------__---- -- 8, 248. 39 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated_----------------------- -- 25, 000. 00 33, 248. 39 July 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year_-------------- - 11, 748. 39 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted---------------------- ------- 21, 500. 00 July 1, 1913, amount pledged--------------------- ----------- 19, 588. 00 July 1, 1913, balance available--------------------------- 1, 912. 00 " FIRE CONTROL AT FORTIFICATIONS." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted------- --------------- ----- $1, 367. 09 June 30, 1913, net assignments to the Chief of Engineers during fiscal year_ --------------------------------------------- 4, 082. 50 5, 449. 59 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year------------.... 2, 329. 39 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted and available .-----.... ---- 3, 120. 20 " ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AT SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted _-- __----------------- ---- -$2, 394. 05 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated--------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 52, 394. 05 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year- 5, 524. 66 5-------------- July 1, 1913, balance unallotted..... ---------------------- 46, 869.39 July 1, 1913, amount pledged---...... --------------- - -46, 869. 39 FORTIFICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 15 " SEAECHLIGHTS FOR HARBOR DEFENSES." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted ----------------------------- $29, 530. 47 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated--------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 129, 530. 47 June 30, 1913, net amount returned from allotments during fiscal year ---------------------------------------------- 17, 012. 32 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted- - - - ------- 146, 542. 79 July 1, 1913, amount pledged--- --------------------------- 146, 542. 79 " SITES FOR FORTIFICATIONS AND SEACOAST DEFENSES." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted---------------------- - $76, 685. 52 Feb. 13. 1913, appropriated ----------------------- -- 100, 000. 00 176, 685. 52 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year..------------------ 8, 487. 88 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted ---------- ------------- 168, 197. 64 July 1, 1913, amount pledged------------------------------- 150, 000. 00 July 1, 1913, balance available ..........------------------------- 18, 197.64 " PRESERVATION AND REPAIR OF FORTIFICATIONS." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted_ - $311. 827. 56 .----.--.--------------- Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated ---------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 511, 827 56 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year-----------------477, 703. 81 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted ---.------------------- ___ 34, 123. 75 July 1, 1913, amount pledged ------------------------------- 9, 398. 08 July 1, 1913, balance available ----------------------------- 24, 725. 67 " PLANS FOR FORTIFICATIONS." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted -- --------------- _ $5, 000. 00 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated ------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year---- ------------ 10, 000. 00 "SUPPLIES FOR SEACOAST DEFENSES." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted----------------------------. $46, 637. 45 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated----------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 86, 037. 45 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year----------------- 33, 670. 86 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted------------------------------ 52, 966. 59 July 1, 1913, amount pledged-------------------------------- 52, 966. 59 " SEA WALLS AND EMBANKMENTS." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted ---------------------------- $32, 026. 51 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year----..... 30, 178. 75 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted and available---------------- 1, 847. 76 16 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. " PRESERVATION AND REPAIR OF TORPEDO STRUCTURES." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted-__-------------- ----- - $20, 000. 00 Feb. 13, 1918, appropriated--------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year---,--- ------- -389, 333. 04 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted.....-----------------___--__ 666. 96 July 1, 1913, amount pledged----- .r-----. -- -- ----- 666. 96 "CASEMATES, GALLERIES, ETC., FOR SUBMARINE MINES." _-------- July 1, 1912, balance unallotted_-- ------ ------ $5, 976. 76 June 30, 1913, net allotpents during fiscal year__- -__-- 242.08 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted---- ------- ___ __ 5, 734. 68 July 1, 1913, amount pledged_------------ --------------- --- 5, 734. 68 Estimates of appropriationsrequired for 1914-15 for fortifications in the United States. Gun and mortar batteries: Construction of gun and mortar batteries----------------- $250, 000.00 Modernizing older emplacements------------------------ 175, 000. 00 Electrical installations at seacoast fortifications _____---- 6_____ 60, 000. 00 Searchlights for harbor defenses__ --------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Preservatiqp and repair of fortifications___--- __- ____-__ 200, 000. 00 Plans for fortifications ------------------------------- ------ 5, 000. 00 Supplies for seacoast defenses_--------------- -- 40, 000. 00 Sea walls and embankments---------------------------- 40, 000. 00 Preservation and repair of torpedo structures--__ -- --- 30, 000. 00 Casemates, galleries, etc., for submarine mines ___---- -------- 35, 000. 00 1, 035, 000. 00 FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS. Batteries.-The first appropriation for this purpose was contained in the fortification act approved April 21, 1904, and additional ap- propriations have been made in each of the succeeding years, the aggregate amount appropriated to date being $8,910,200 (including $250,000, the expenditure of which was assigned to the Chief of Ordnance). With these appropriations batteries have been con- structed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and construction work is still in progress at Honolulu and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Manila and Subic Bays, Philippine Islands. An estimate of $300,000 is submitted, to permit the continuation of work in the Philippine Islands. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Generally Hawaiian Philippine Act of- Generally Hawaiian Philippine applicable. Islands. slands. ct applicable. Islands. Islands. Apr. 21, 1904. $700,000 ........... ... ..... June 23,1910 .............. 00,000 Mar. 3, 1905.. 700,000 ........... ........... Mar 4, 1911............... 150,000 1,169,000 June 25, 1906............. $260,000 ........... June 6, 1912.............. 170, 000 800000 Mar. 2,1907.. ........... 200, 000 $500,000 Feb. 13,1913 .............. 70,000 700, 000 May 27,1908............ ... 400, 000 954, 000 Mar. 3,1909.. ............ 337,200 11,000, (00 Total.... $1, 400,000 1,587,200 15, 923, 000 Sincluding $250,000, the expenditure of which was assigned to the Chief of Ordnance. FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS. 17 Electrical installations.-The National Coast Defense Board esti- mated that $788,713 would be required to furnish the necessary elec- trical equipment for the defenses of the insular possessions, in addi- tion to the cuirrent required for searchlights. Toward the installation of this equipment the sum of $489,723 has thus far been provided by Congress, $68,938 for the Hawaiian Islands and $420,785 for the Philippine Islands. With the funds available electrical equipment is now being procured and installed. Opera- tions under existing appropriations are in progress, and no additional funds will be required during the next fiscal year. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Hawaiian Philippine Islands. Islands. May 27, 1908.................... .................................. $20,000 $115,000 Mar.3,1909...................... ........... .................... ................ 14,469 88,823 June 23, 1910............................................................. 45,000 Mar. 4, 1911................ .......... ..................................... 171,962 Feb. 13, 1913......................................... ................ 34,469......... Total .................................................................... 68,938 420,785 Searchlights.-To complete the installation of the searchlights covered by existing projects in the Hawaiian Islands and the Philip- pine Islands, appropriations of $10,800 and $20,600, respectively, were made by the last fortifications act. Work under these appro- priations is in progress, and no additional estimate for this purpose is submitted. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act - Generally Hawaiian Philippine applicable. Islands. Islands. Mar. 2, 1907 ......... ..................................... $30, 000.. May 27, 1908......... ................................. ............. 47,500 $180, 000 Mar. 3, 1909 .................... ................................... 6,000 .. June 23, 1910........................ ......................... ............ 139,000 Mar.4, 1911......................................................... 40,100 ....... Feb.13, 1913....................... ............ ............. .10, 800 20, 600 .. .......... Total................ ......... ................ 30,000 164,400 339,600 Procurement of sites.-All land at present required in the Philip- pine Islands has been acquired. The acquisition of additional land in the Hawaiian Islands with the unexpended balance of the funds provided therefor in the for- tifications appropriation act of June 25, 1906, is in progress. Appropriations for this work have been as follows: Act of- Hawaiian Philippine Islands. Islands. Apr. 21,1904............... .......... " ................................. $200,000 ......... .. June 25, 1906...................... .............. ........................ ... 150,000 ....... May 27, 1908. .... . ................ ........................................ . ..... .. $5,000 Mar.3, 1909. ........................................................................... ..... 12,000 Total .................................................................... 350.000 17,000 11482*-ENG 1913---- 2 18 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. Maintenance of fortifications.-A number of the batteries.author- ized by Congress for the insular possessions have been completed and are being operated by the troops. Repairs, painting, etc., are from time to time necessary. The approaching completion of work at certain localities and the exhaustion of construction funds render provision for such work necessary in the future. Estimates are accordingly submitted of $1,500 and $7,000 for this purpose for the defensive works in the Hawatian Islands and the Philippine Islands, respectively. The $8,000 appropriated for this purpose in the Phil- ippine Islands and the $500 in the Hawaiian Islands, by the act of February 13, 1913, will be applied, so far as the funds are available, to the most necessary work required during the fiscal year. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Hawaiian Philippine Islands. Islands. June 23,1910 ............ ......... ................................. ........... $7,000 Mar. 4, 1911................7..................... ..................... 000 June 6,1912........ ........................ .... ............. ....... $500 8,000 Feb. 13, 1913................................................................... 500 8,000 Total.................... ........................................... 1,000 30,000 Maintenance of torpedo structures.-In order to provide for the maintenance in proper condition of the numerous structures already erected in connection with torpedo defense, estimates of $2,000 and $1,000, respectively, have been submitted for the Hawaiian Islands and the Philippine Islands. For these purposes appropriations of $500 and $750, respectively, were made by the last fortifications act. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Hawaiian Islands. Philipine Islands. June 23,1910.................................................... ............ $1,000 Mar. 4, 1911 .............. ......... ......................................... .. 1,000 June 6, 1912 ....... ................................................. 0........ 500 Feb. 13,1913......................... ................... .. $500 750 Total ........ ................... .......................... ..... ....... 500 3,250 Electrical and other supplies.-Under appropriations heretofore made by Congress a number of electric plants and searchlights have been installed in the defensive works in the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands, and in order that the necessary supplies and materials may be furnished for their operation and maintenance, as for similar equipment in this country, estimates of $1,000 and $3,000, respectively, have been submitted. For work of this character in the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands $750 and $3,000, respectively, were provided by the act of February 13, 1913, with which the supplies most urgently required will be procured. FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS. 19 Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Hawaiian Philippine Islands. Islands. June 23,1910........ Mane2, .............................. 1910------------------------------------------------------------------- .............. ... $2,500 2........ 2,500 Mar. 4, 1911-.............................------------------------------------- --------------................-- $1,000 2,500 June 6 1912--..... ----------------------------------------- ....---------------- 750 2,00 Feb. 1, 1913............................. .......... .................... 750 3,000 Total.......................... ....... ....................... 2,500 10,500 Torpedo structures.-For the construction of additional defenses of this character required in the Philippine Islands an estimate of $67,000 was submitted last year. For this purpose the sum of $50,000 was appropriated in the act of February 13, 1913. Appropriations for this work have been made as follows: Act of- Generally Philippine Hawaiian applicable. Islands. Islands. June 8, 1898 (for Manila Harbor) Mar. 2, 1907................. ...... ...................................... ....... $150,000 ............ ............................ $200,000.......... .... May 27, 1908 .......................................... ....................... $29,000 Feb. 13, 1913.... .. ............... 50,000... ... .... Total ............. .................................. 200,000 200,000 129,000 Land defenses.-For the 'construction of works of defense against landing parties in the Philippine Islands the sum of $180,000 was appropriated by the fortification appropriation act approved March 4, 1911. Work under this appropriation is in active progress and will shortly be completed. For similar work in the Hawaiian Islands an estimate of $457,000 is submitted. Reserve equipment.-An adequate reserve of spare parts, etc., for the fortifications and their appliances in the insular possessions is necessary on account of their remoteness from commercial sources of supply. For application to this purpose estimates of $50,000 and $100,000, respectively, are submitted for the Hawaiian and Philip- pine Islands. Fire control.-No funds for this purpose were provided by the last fortification act. Appropriations for this work and assignments therefrom to the Engineer Department have been made as follows: Assigned Act of- Appro- to Engi- priated. neer De- partment. Mar. 2, 1907 --....... ......... ......................... $100,000.00 $75,000.00 May 27, 1908.......-- --....--- .. .. .............. ........ 243,000.00 75,000.00 Mar. 3, 1909................... ..................................... 250,000.00 222,427.00 June 23, 1910............................. ......................... 200, 000.00 46, 760. 26 Total................... ..................................................... 793,000.00 419,187.26 20 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The following money statements show the conditions on June 30, 1913, of all general appropriations under which operations were in progress in the insular possessions at the close of the fiscal year: " FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS." For construction of seacoast batteries. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted ______---------------------- $1, 388,110: 82 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated.-------------______________ 770, 000. 00 2, 158, 110. 82 June 30, 1913, net allotmepts during fiscal year----------------1, 036, 299. 83 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted_-------__________--______ 1, 121, 810. 99' July 1, 1913, amount pledged_________-------------_______________ 1,121, 810. 99 For electrical installations. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted___------------- 195, 720. 58 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated ---------------------------------- 34, 469. 00 230, 189. 58 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year ___ ____________ 77, 660. 90 July 1, 1914 balance unallotted_---- -- -------- 152, 528. 68 July 1, 1913, amount pledged------------------------------- 152, 528. 68 For searchlights. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted -__________-____ __________ 124, 354. 09 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated---------------------------------- 31, 400. 00 155, 754. 09 July 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year------------------ 59, 929 19 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted_____________________________ 95, 824. 90 July 1, 1913, amount pledged-------------------------------- 95, 824. 90 For torpedo structures. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted 1, 707. 45 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated_ 50, 000. 00 51. 707. 45 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year_ 768. 32 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted_ 50, 939. 13 July 1, 1913, amount pledged__ ______ 50, 939. 13 For sites, Philippine Islands. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted____----- -__________ 2,950.00 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted and available ______ 2, 950. 00 For electrical and other supplies. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted 3,931.05 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated ______________________ 3, 750. 00 7, 681.05 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year- --- ------ 4, 129. 59 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted-------------------------------- 3; 551. 46 July 1, 1913, amount pledged----- ---------------------------- 551. 62 July 1, 1913, amount available ------ -- ---- 2, 999. 84 FORTIFICATIONS IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS. 21 UFOIBTI CATIONS I INSULULA POSSESSIONS ".-Continued. For maintenance of fortifications. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted.. _____- - - $9, 886. 50 Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated...........-..- __.. 8, 500.:00 18, 366. 50 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year ....- 8, 620. 55 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted-. _..---- 9, 745. 95 July 1, 1913, amount pledged--.--- - ----- 8,000.00 July 1, 1913, amount available ..... .----.---- 1, 745. 95 For maintenance of torpedo structures. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted- -_______------ i, 169. 00 1.--------- Feb. 13, 1913, appropriated-....... 1, 250. 00 2, 419. 00 June 30, 1918, net allotments during fiscal year--__ ____---- 1, 507. 50 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted-. --- --. _____-------- 911. 50 July 1, 1913, amount pledged ________________----------700. 00 .. ------------------- July 1, 1913, amount available---- -. 211. 50 For land defenses, Philippine Islands. July 1, 1912, balance unallotted ---------------------- 56, 440. 93 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year ._____--___-- 4, 391. 22 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted------------------------------ 52, 049. 71 July 1, 1913, amount pledged--___---------------------- 52, 049.71 "FIRE CONTROL IN INSULAR POSSESSIONS." July 1, 1912, balance unallotted---------------------------- $8, 727. 74 June 30, 1913, net assignments to Engineer Department--------- 33, 610. 26 42, 338. 00 June 30, 1913, net allotments during fiscal year -----.--------. 42, 330. 50 July 1, 1913, balance unallotted and available--....--------------- 7. 50 Estimates of appropriationsrequired for 1914-15 for fortifications in the insular possessions. Fortifications in insular possessions: For seacoast batteries, Philippine Islands __....... ........ $300, 000 For maintenance of fortifications- Hawaiian Islands . ........--..... .... 1, 500 Philippine Islands . 7, 000 For maintenance of torpedo structures- Hawaiian Islands ________ ___._ 2, 000 Philippine Islands _--------------------------------- 1, 000 For electrical and other supplies- Hawaiian Islands 1,000 Philippine Islands-.... ..- 3. 000 For land defenses, Hawaiian Islands 457, 000 For reserve equipment- Hawaiian Islands ----------- ---------- 50,000 Philippine Islands----------------------------- 100, 000 man1 1.MU- -MftN - --------------------- 922, 500 22 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. FORTIFICATIONS, ISTHMIAN CANAL. The construction of these works is under the Isthmian Canal Com- mission, but plans for the various defensive works are being prepared by the Chief of Engineers, and substantial progress in their prepara- tion has been made. MILITARY STRUCTURES, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The construction of a pumping plant, electric power plant, and certain Army storehouses for military purposes in the Philippine Islands has been assigned to the Engineer Department and funds from various appropriations applied thereto. These funds are in- sufficient for the completion of the work. For the completion of this work an estimate of $170,000 was sub- mitted last year, but no funds were appropriated. At the close of the fiscal year portions of the work were approaching completion, but for lack of funds, which will soon be entirely exhausted, it will be impossible to fully complete any structure until an additional appro- priation is made. A revised estimate for completing the work has been prepared, and it is now believed that $154,000 will be sufficient for this purpose. An estimate of this amount is submitted. The following funds, in addition to those elsewhere accounted for in this report, have been assigned to the Engineer Department for ap- plication to this work: Electric power plant, Corregidor Island, P. I. (sundry civil act of Mar. 4, 1911) --------------------------------- $154, 667. 00 Water and sewers at military posts, 1912 (Army act of Mar. 3, 1911) ------------------------------------------------ 15, 500. 00 Seacoast defenses, Philippine Islands and Hawaii (sundry civil acts) ------ ---------------------- ----------------. 16, 155. 55 Army storehouses, Corregidor Island, P. I. (Army act of Mar. 3, 1909) ----------------------- ------------------------ 132, 443. 66 STotal-----------------------------------------------318, 766. 21 ENGINEER DEPOTS. WASHINGTON BARRACKS. This depot is the repository for part of the military bridge equi- page of the Army; for miscellaneous military engineering tools, ap- paratus, supplies, and materials of all kinds; and for astronomical, surveying, drafting, and reconnaissance instruments and supplies used by the Army and by officers of the Corps of Engineers on public works, both military and civil. It purchases and issues military engineering tools and supplies and serves particularly as an exchange for engineering instruments of all kinds, receiving them from the Army or public works, caring for them while in store, making the necessary repairs, reissuing them when required, and, so far as appro- priations will permit, making purchases of such items as can not be supplied from store. Numerous shipments have been made during the year. A large number of instruments have been repaired in the instrument-repair shop. All new instruments were examined and tested there. ENGINEER DEPOTS. 23 A new building for depot shops and trade schools is urgently needed, the estimated cost being $22,000. This work is included in the estimates for buildings for the Engineer post and school at Wash- ington Barracks. With the $15,000 appropriated in the last Army act for " Ponton shed, Washington Barracks, D. C.," the construction of ponton shed No. 3 has been undertaken. FORT LEAVyNWORTH. This depot is the repository for part of the military bridge equi- page of the Army, as well as tools, stores, and miscellaneous supplies. The general work of the office and storehouse comprised the care of property on hand, the purchase of supplies, the repair of instruments, issues to the battalion of Engineers there stationed, and the keeping of the depot accounts and records. Work in the shops during the year has included the fabrication and repair of ponton equipage so far as practicable, until February 24, 1913, since which date no work has been done, all troops being in the field. Electric lighting of shops and storehouse by the Quartermaster Corps is in progress. Among the needs of this depot are the construction of two addi- tional ponton sheds and new power equipment for the shops. VANCOUVER BARRACKS. This depot is the repository for part of the military bridge equi- page of the Army, as well as tools, stores, and miscellaneous supplies. Work during the year has included the fabrication and repair of ponton equipage and the purchase and issue of materials, tools, and supplies to Engineer troops. HONOLULU. This depot assembles and issues property and materials for the military operations in the Hawaiian Islands, cares for property in store, makes such minor repairs to instruments as can be made locally and obtains and issues such engineer supplies as are required by the Engineer troops stationed at Honolulu. Operations during the year have been confined to these activities. A suitable building for storage purposes is urgently needed. MANILA. This depot is the repository of two divisions of the advance guard ponton equipage, and for miscellaneous tools, property, and sup- plies required for issue and for reserve equipment in the Philippine Department. The personnel at the depot was, on June 30, 1913, made up as follows: Civilians: One storekeeper, American; 2 machinists, native; 1 clerk, native; 2 carpenters, native; 5 laborers, native. Enlisted (all from Third Battalion of Engineers) : One battalion quartermas- ter sergeant, 1 seargeant, and 12 privates. 24 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. These men perform all necessary office work, make and handle shipments, prevent as far as -possible destruction due to rust, dry- rot, white ants, and dampness, and make repairs. The appropriation for Engineer depots has in the past -provided specifically for " incidental expenses " of the depots and for the "pur- chase and repair of instruments." The increasing demands on the funds appropriated for incidental expenses and the gradual adcumulation of an adequate stock of in- struments for present needs makes a change in the appropriation desirable, and this year no separate estimate for the purchase and repair of instruments is submitted, but the estimate for incidental expenses is corresptndingly increased and certain modifications in the wording of this appropriation recommended, so as to provide for the repair of instruments therefrom. ENGINEER DEPOTS, 1913. Incidentals. Amount appropriated in the Army appropriation act of Aug. 24, 1912- $20, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year-------------- 17, 596. 58 July 1, 1%13, balance unexpended --------------------------- 2, 503. 42 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities -------------------------- 2, 430. 13 Balance to revert to Treasury_ -------------------- 73. 29 Instruments. Amount appropriated in the Army appropriation act of Aug. 24,1912_ 10, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year--------------- 8.347.12 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended--- ----------------------- 1, 652. 88 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ------------------------- 1, 612. 30 Balance to revert to Treasury--------------------------- 40. 58 Estimate submitted for 1914-15------- ----------------- 30, 000. 00 ENGINEER EQUIPMENT OF TROOPS. With funds appropriated under this head new ponton equipage has been procured, provision made for the repair and maintenance of that on hand, and tools, instruments, supplies, and appliances pro- cured for the prescribed Engineer equipment of posts and organiza- tions, for military surveys, and for Engineer operations. Purchases of the necessary paper for new editions of the Engineer Field Manual have also been made as required. Arrangements have been made for the purchase of a new type of field searchlight, which is now under construction and will, it is ex- pected, be delivered shortly. A type of field pile driver suitable to accompany ponton trains in the field has been designed, and arrangements have been made for the purchase of two of these appliances. Investigations have been in progress for a number of years with a view to finding suitable substitutes for white-pine lumber for ponton equipage, white pine of the proper quality being no longer readily obtainable. Certain kinds of lumber have been selected for this pur- ENGINEER EQUIPMENT OF TROOPS. 25 pose, and arrangements are being made to procure a sufficient quantity to continue the accumulation of an adequate supply of equipage and for the maintenance of that on hand. Present plans contemplate the accumulation of ponton material sufficient for 12 divisions of ad- vance guard and 24 divisions of reserve equipage within the conti- nental limits of the United States as rapidly as adequate storage therefor becomes available and as appropriations will permit. Of this quantity there are now on hand, practically complete, the 12 divisions of advance-guard equipage and about one-half the reserve equipage. During the fiscal year numerous modifications have been made in Engineer equipment prescribed for troops, vi: By General Orders, No. 20, War Department, 1913, the reconnaissance equipment for Cavalry, Artillery, and Infantry heretofore prescribed has been re- duced, the equipment prescribed for posts modified, and the furnish- ing of paper, pencils, ink, and similar articles for reconnaissance equipment, etc., heretofore the duty of the Quartermaster Corps, is now assigned to the Engineer Department. By General Orders, No. 42, War Department, 1913, the Engineer equipment heretofore pre- scribed for Infantry and Cavalry by General Orders, No. 221, War Department, 1907, as amended, has been abolished and a new equip- ment of reserve intrenching tools, to be furnished by th# Engineer Department, prescribed. With funds available arrangements are being made for the procure- ment of sufficient of this equipment for the Cavalry division and six divisions, and additional equipment will be procured as rapidly as funds will permit. By direction of the Secretary of War, the duty of supplying machine-gun platoons with certain equipment prescribed by General Orders, No. 113, War Department, 1906, was transferred from the Engineer Department to the Ordnance Department, and a quantity of this equipment was, under authority of the Secretary of War, transferred to the Ordnance Department for this purpose. Equipment, supplies, etc., purchased from this appropriation are stored at the several Engineer depots, from which they are issued to organizations, posts, and department headquarters, for surveys, and to the Organized Militia as required. Issues to the Organized Militia on approved requisitions aggregated about $3,500 during the year. Some minor modifications in the wording of this appropriation are deemed desirable, and the estimates submitted this year contain the changes desired. ENGINEER EQUIPMENT OF TROOPS, 1913. Amount appropriated in the Army appropriation act of Aug. 24, 1912_ $90, 000. 00 Collections on account of lost property, sales, etc--_--------------- 3, 804. 32 Total available -------------------------- ____ _ . -- 93, 804.32 June 30, 1913, amount expended during the fiscal year____------ 23, 284. 84 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended----------______________ 70, 519. 48 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ... 95 6---------------------------5 Balance to revert to Treasury__ - ---________________ 5, 338. 53 Estimate submitted for 1914-15------ ----- ------------------ 50, 000. 00 26 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. EQUIPMENT OF OFFICERS' SCHOOLS, MILITARY POSTS. For the purchase of instruments for issue to officers' schools at military posts the sum of $1,500 was assigned from the appropriation for "Equipment of Officers' Schools, Military Posts, 1913," by the Secretary of War. This amount has been applied to the purchase of instruments for issue from the Engineer Depot at Washington Bar- racks. For similar purchase? during the current fiscal year the sum of $1,500 has been assigned to the *Engineer Department. An adequate stock of instruments for present needs having been accumulated, recommendation has been made that no further esti- mate for this purpose be submitted at the present time. Assigned to Engineer Department, act of Aug. 24, 1912------------ $1, 500. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year--------------- 1,490. 34 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended and available--------------------- 9. 66 CIVILIAN ASSISTANTS TO ENGINEER OFFICERS. By the Army appropriation act of August 24, 1912, the sum of $40,000 was appropriated for civilian assistants to Engineer officers serving on the staffs of division, corps, and department commanders to enable them to secure the services of surveyors, survey parties, draftsmen, photographers, master laborers, and clerks during the fiscal year 1913. These funds have been applied to the purpose for which appropriated. The Army appropriation act approved March 2, 1913, contained an item of $40,000 for this purpose for the fiscal year 1914. The reorganization of the military establishment into territorial depart- ments has, by increasing the number of territorial organizations, re- sulted in an increase in the requirements for civilian assistants to department engineers, but it is anticipated an appropriation of $40,000 will be sufficient for the requirements of the next fiscal year, and an estimate of this amount is submitted. Amount appropriated by Army appropriation act approved Aug. 24, 1912 ------------------------------------------------- $40, 000.00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year---------------- 35, 532. 50 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ------------------------------ 4, 467.50 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities .----------------------------1, 334. 45 Balance to revert to Treasury---------------------------- 3, 133. 05 CONTINGENCIES, ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, PHILIP- PINE ISLANDS. In the prosecution of work of great importance in the Philippine Islands in remote and almost inaccessible localities the operations of the Engineer Department require funds of wide applicability and limited restrictions as to expenditure. Owing to the circumstances under which the work must be performed an appropriation of this character has been found essential to its satisfactory prosecution. Appropriations of $5,000 each for this purpose have been made for the past four years, and an estimate of the same amount is submitted for the fiscal year 1915. CONTINGENCIES, ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 27 Amount appropriated by Army appropriation act approved Aug. 24, 1912 -- ------------------------------------------- $5, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year ....--------- 2, 125. 59 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 2, 874. 41 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ---------------------------- 1,974. 41 Balance to revert to Treasury_ _-____--_-------------900. 00 MAPS, WAR DEPARTMENT. With the $5,000 appropriated for this purpose for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, a number of miscellaneous military maps were printed. . These funds are also utilized in the publication of accurate maps of our fortified harbors, which, under existing regulations, are re- quired for the use of the Coast Artillery, and a number of these maps were printed during the year. In view of the urgent necessity of printing certain important mili- tary maps now being prepared in addition to the prosecution of the work ordinarily accomplished under this appropriation, the estimate submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, was increased to $10,000. Only $7,500 was, however, provided for this purpose. To permit the prompt publication of these maps, in addition to.the work ordinarily accomplished under this appropriation, an estimate of $10,000 is submitted. Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved Aug. 24, 1912 ____ $5,000.00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year----------------4, 774. 25 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended------- ------------------------- 225. 75 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities____----------------- - 225. 75 BUILDINGS, ENGINEER POST AND SCHOOL, WASH- INGTON BARRACKS, D. C. The creation of the Engineer post and school at Washington Bar- racks was authorized by an act of Congress approved June 30, 1902, and the work has been carried on in accordance with a general lay- out approved by the Secretary of War December 22, 1904, drawing of which was published in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1906. A detailed history of the work is given in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers from 1902 to 1906. The buildings heretofore completed have been for post purposes almost exclusively, and the present plan provides for additional buildings for school and post purposes, as follows: 1. Group of buildings, to include Engineer School and administration buildings and power house and trade-school building: Engineer school and administration building- $275, 000 Power house--------------------------------- 27, 500 Trade-school building____----_______----__ 22, 000 $324, 500 2. Completion of west barracks ...------------------------------------ 40, o00 3. Bachelor officers' quarters-------------------------------------- 70, 000 4. Six double sets noncommissioned officers' quarte:rs_ __________ 66, (.000 5. Dispensary and quarters for detachment_-----__ ---------- 25, 000 6. Stable _ ----------------------------------- -- 20, 000 7. Store sheds for wood, coal, and lumber .---------------- 2, 000 28 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. 8. Chaplains quarters ------------------------------ --------- $20, 000 9. Commissary officers' quarters ------------------------------- 15, 000 10. Observatory ------------------- ---------- ------------------- 3,000 11. Roads, walks, sidewalks, sewers, water and gas supply, electric distribution, gutters, etc---------- ------------ ----------- 25, 000 610, 500 The river and harbor appropriation act approved July 25, 1912, provided $100,000 for the construction at the Engineer School of a building with library accommodations and other facilities for the instruction of officers of the Corps of Engineers in duties pertaining to the improvement of rivers and harbors. Under this appropria- tion, by direction of the Secretary of War, the services of the archi- tects who designed the original work, Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, were secured, and plans have been prepared and approved covering a school building with attached power house. Contract has been entered into with Mr. George E. Wyne for the construction of the building at a total cost of $88,900. The architects' fees will amount to approximately $4,000, leaving a sufficient sum to cover costs of inspection, superintendence and incidentals. The appropriation for the construction of this building reduces the amount yet required under item 1 to $224,500, and with the ex- perienc4 gained in connection with its construction it is thought that this can be reduced still further, viz, to $172,000, which would reduce the total amount required to $458,000. The work of the Engineer School is also of the greatest importance in fitting the younger officers of the corps for the important military duties which, owing to the present shortage of officers, devolve upon them at an early period in their careers. The $100,000 provided by the act of July 25, 1912, while covering so much of the total cost as belongs to river and harbor work, will not be sufficient to cover the portion of item 1 required for school purposes, including military features, and it is desirable that additional funds be provided as early as practicable for completing this group of buildings, to pro- vide urgently needed accommodations for the administration officers of the post and engineer depot, as well as for the military functions of the school. Amount appropriated by act of- June 30, 1902---------------------------------------- $500, 00, 000. 00 Mar. 2, 1903---------------------------------------- 360, 000.00 Mar. 2, 1905 ----------------------------------------- 150,000. 00 Mar. 2, 1907-------------------- --------.- ----- 32, 500. 00 July 25, 1912__----------------------------------------- 100, 000 00 Total ------------------------------------------------- 1, 142, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended to date----------------------- 1, 042,771. 50 June 30, 1913, balance available __ -_______-----_______--99,228. 50 In addition, $1,700 was appropriated in the Army appropriation act of March 3, 1909, for the completion of a stable. This work was done by the Quartermaster's Department. An estimate of $50,000 is submitted to cover- 1. Trade-school building (material only; enlisted labor to be used)---- $8, 000 2. Completion of west barracks.------------_-__ __ ----------- 40,000 7. Store sheds for wood, coal, and lumber_-------------------... - 2, 000 50, 000 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 29 EQUIPMENT OF COAST ARTILLERY, ARMORIES, ORGANIZED MILITIA. The Army appropriation act approved March 3, 1911, provided the sum of $338,170 for the equipment of armory buildings provided by States for instructional purposes for Coast Artillery companies of the Organized Militia. By the Army appropriation act of August 24, 1912, the availability of this appropriation was extended to in- clude obligations incurred during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913. With these funds the installations of equipment for the in- struction of Coast Artillery militia lave been or are being completed at the following places: Boston, Mass., South Armory. Bridgeport, Conn. New York City : Ninth District Armory. Thirteenth District Armory. Savannah, Ga. San Francisco, Cal. The Army act of March 2, 1913, provided an additional sum of $185,000 for this purpose. With funds assigned from this appro- priation to the Engineer Department, equipment is being installed in the Eighth District Armory, New York City, and in the armory at Providence, R. I. The total amounts assigned to the Engineer Department from these appropriations have been as follows: " Equipment of Coast Artillery, Armories, Organized Militia, 1912". $110, 428. 59 " Equipment of Coast Artillery, Armories, Organized Militia ".... 45,133. 97 155, 562. 56 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Appropriations.-The funds with which the works for the im- provement of rivers and harbors were prosecuted during the past fiscal year were derived from the appropriations made by the river and harbor acts approved July 25, 1912, and March 4, 1913, and the sundry civil acts approved August 24, 1912, and June 23, 1913, from such appropriations as have been provided by other general acts and by special acts of Congress, and from the available balances of former appropriations. The following works are provided for by permanent appropria- tions: Removing sunken vessels; operating and care of dredge boats on upper Mississippi River; removing obstructions in Mississippi River; gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries; examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River; mainte- nance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River; operating snag boats on Ohio River; operating and care of canals, etc.; support and maintenance of the Permanent International Commission of the Con- gresses of Navigation. Total appropriations for rivers and harbors to June 30, 1912_. $697, 311, 347. 06 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912------------------------------- ----- 31,059. 370. 50 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved Aug. 24, 1912--..... ----------------------- -------------- 9, 500, 250. 00 1Including permanent annual appropriations and related works. 30 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913 ----------- -------------------------------- $41, 073, 094. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved June 23, 1913 .. -------------------------------------- -------- 10, 045, 795. 00 Claims for damages, river and harbor works, deficiency act approved Mar. 4, 1913 ------ ------------------ _--- 1, 157. 89 Permanent annual appropriations (including $3,000 for the Permanent International Commission of the Congresses of Navigation) __-- -------------------- _-- 297, 600. 00 Total ---------- ------------------------------ 789, 288, 614. 45 Expended under indefinite appropriations, fiscal year 1913: Operating and care of canals, etc--------$2, 222, 906. 87 Removing sunken vessels, etc------------- 115, 208. 87 2, 338, 115. 74 Related works: Expenses of California Debris Commission (sundry civil act of June 23, 1913) Prevention of deposits, New York Harbor -- 15, 000. 00 (sundry civil act of June 23, 1913) ---- 85, 260. 00 International Waterways Commission (sun- dry civil act of June 23, 1913) International Waterways Commission (de- --- 15, 000. 00 ficiency act of Mar. 4, 1913)- 1, 750. 00 Building engineer school for river and har- bor instruction (act of July 25, 1912) .... 100, 000. 00 *0 217, 010. 00 791, 843, 740. 19 NoTE.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1909, appropriated the sum of $9,435,750, which included the sum of $50,000 for the National Waterways Commission, which latter item was first credited to the War Department and later transferred to the Treasury Department. Status of works.-Statements derived from the reports of the offi- cers in charge of the various works, and given herewith, set forth the condition of each improvement and the extent of the work per- formed during the past fiscal year. Expenditures.-The total amount actually expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers in connection with the improve- ment of rivers and harbors during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, is as follows: Rivers and harbors (general, including examinations, surveys, and contingencies) ___.._. __ .. ...... _ _ __ $32, 253, 801. 43 Removing sunken vessels------------------------- 115, 208. 81 Operating and care of canals...------------.__-------__- 2, 222, 906. 87 Operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi, Illinois, and Minnesota Rivers---------------------__-- 26, 557. 60 Removing obstructions in Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Old Rivers------------------------------------------ 101, 442. 43 Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries---- 9, 072. 25 Maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River------- 127, 840. 09 Examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River .. 11, 490. 00 Operating snagboats on the Ohio River----- 25, 758. 17 Prevention of deposits in New York Harbor----------------- 83, 643. 54 California D6bris Commission (expenses) 10, 123. 44 Permanent International Commission of Congresses of Navi- gation -------------------- _ 1, 460. 99 Meeting of Permanent International Commission of Con- gresses of Navigation in the United States___ 1, 074. 83 Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works .... 2, 076. 84 International Waterways Commission____ ___...._ 14, 022. 15 Building engineer school for river and harbor instruction ... 271. 50 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 31 Mississippi River Commission: Improving Mississippi River-- ---........ $4, 638,163. 60 Deduct amounts reimbursable ----------......... 88, 748. 26 4, 549, 415. 34 Maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries against floods --------------------------------- 20, 585. 12 Rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods---!__ 1,366, 254. 67 Improving Yazoo River and tributaries, Miss. (Yazoo River at mouth)-------__- - 1, 305. 83 Preservation and maintenance of river and harbor works (Yazoo River at mouth).... 9 256.19 1 $5, 946, 817.15 240, 953, 568. 09 Expenditures have also been made from funds contributed by States, municipalities, and private parties for improvements as follows: Elk and Little Elk Rivers, Md-....----- -------------------- $376. 24 Sabine-Neches Canal, Tex-____-------------------------- 123, 213.32 Sacramento and Feather Rivers, Cal--------- ---------------- 17, 490. 93 Savannah River, Ga ------------------------------- 34,998.93 Cowhead River, Ga_ . -.... -------------------------- - * 2, 445. 79 Cold Spring Inlet, N. J----------------------------------- 10, 363. 55 Harbor at Wilmington, Del------ ..... __-__- -------- __ 911. 55 Houston Ship Channel, Tex------- _,-------- __-_____ 504. 742.93 Missouri River at Sioux City, Iowa 133.80 1----------------------- 5, 010. 53 Missouri River at Folsom, Iowa __- __-----_______ -- ______ Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa--- __--------- - -14, 184. 41 Pawtucket River, R. I-------------------------------958. 15 Siuslaw River, Oreg ------------------- --------- 13, 500.00 Oregon Slough, Oreg ____-------------------------- 13, 870. 31 Mississippi River, Yazoo-Mississippi Delta------- ---- 45. 398. 57 Mississippi River, near Memphis, Tenn . ______----------- 16, 453. 89 Levees, Mound City, Ill...--------------------------------- 231. 81 Charlotte Harbor, Fla___ ------- ----------------------- 13, 985. 57 818, 270. 28 Estimates.-The following estimates are submitted by the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915: Under continuing contracts_.__-_-_- _------------------- $7, 217, 500 Rivers and harbors (general, including Mississippi River Commis- sion, and examinations, surveys, and contingencies) _---- __ 34, 266, 395 Under California Debris Commission (expenses) ----------------- 15, 000 Prevention of deposits in New York Harbor __------------__ 156, 260 These estimates are intended to cover only the minimum require- ments for the prosecution and maintenance of the various improve- ments, such estimates having been made up from estimates prepared on the same basis by the various district officers; this being done in order to keep within the limited total estimate deemed advisable for 1 The following additional expenditures are included in items stated above: Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries ............... $8, 823. 53 Removing sunken vessels------------------------ ------------------ 1, 500. 00 10, 323. 53 s This amount does not include expenditures for enlargement of Governors Island, New York Harbor, $1,507.32. 32 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. the next fiscal year and on the supposition that river and harbor work will be provided for hereafter by annual appropriations. The total amount recommended for appropriation in the next river and harbor bill (excluding examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies) is $34,016,395, to be applied to 245 works, and for appro- priation in the sundry civil bill $7,217,500, to be applied to 16 works. Liberal appropriations are considered proper and desirable for snagging and other work necessary to make natural channels avail- able wherever water-borne commerce exists or is reasonably prospec- tive. It is believed that expenditures for such improvements are almost always useful and advantageous to the general public, espe- cially since the introduction and rapid development of small gaso- line motor boats for combined freight and passenger transportation. In many cases it is apparent that the failure to use a waterway is due not so much to lack of channel depth as to the presence of snags and other obstructions which can be removed at comparatively small cost, thus making the natural channel depths fully available through- out the year. When the boat commerce develops or its requirements become greater the existing clear channel will be in its best condition for further and more expensive improvements. Improvements adopted by Congress, and not provided for in the estimates,'have been omitted either on account of sufficiency of funds now available, on account of lack ot urgency or of relative impor- tance, on account of defective projects which were adopted many years ago and are in need of ieexamination with a view to revision or abandonment, or, in some cases, because recommendations for appro- priations for new projects have recently been submitted to Congress in special reports. In the cases of several improvements recommendations will be found in the text of the report for contract authorizations to cover work to be executed after June 30, 1915. In these cases the additional work, on account of its character and to insure reasonable economy, should be included in contracts or otherwise provided for in connec- tion with the work to be executed during the coming fiscal year. Under existing law reexaminations of existing projects are made by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors in compliance with resolutions by either the Committee on Commerce of the Senate or the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Repre- sentatives; but these reexaminations are subject to the limitation that no enlargement of the scope of the project can be considered, so that desirable extensions of projects can not be recommended. It is believed that a similar provision of law authorizing the Chief of Engineers to cause a reexamination of projects, at least those not heretofore passed upon by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, would be in the public interest. ProJects reported under the provisions of section 7 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, as unworthy of further improvement by the United States or con- sidered by the Chief of Engineers as in need of revision could in this way be fully investigated, local interests could be heard, and formal report thereon made for the consideration of Congress. It would seem advisable in connection with any such reexamination to grant RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 33 authority to consider and report upon any modifications in the na- ture of enlargements in scope of projects believed to be desirable, when such modifications are recommended by district officers or otherwise brought to the attention of the department. If desired by Congress for its consideration in providing for new works, reports could be submitted by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors and the Chief of Engineers upon the relative importance of the various improvements recommended as worthy of being undertaken by the United States, the order in which the works should be taken up, and the rapidity with which they should be com-. pleted, upon methods of standardization by which the waterways of the country could be improved uniformly in proportion to their capacities and to the existing or probable demands of general com- merce, or even report upon a systematic scheme of such improvement embracing all waterways, whether heretofore examined and reported upon or not. Engineer divisions.-The engineering works in charge of this office are arranged in divisions, and officers of the Corps of Engineers were assigned as division engineers to overlook these works, as follows: East of the Rocky Mountains: Northeast division, Col. W. M. Black to June 13, 1913, and Col. Frederic V. Abbot since that date; eastern division, Col. William T. Rossell to June 13, 19134 and Col. W. M. Black since that date; southeast division, Col. Dan C. King- man; Gulf division, Col. Lansing H. Beach; western division, Lieut. Col. Charles L. Potter to August 23, 1912, and Col. C. McD. Town- send since that date; central division, Lieut. Col. H. C. Newcomer; Lakes division, Col. C. McD. Townsend from July 1 to August 22, 1912, and Col. J. G. Warren from August 23, 1912, to June 30, 1913. West of the Rocky Mountains: Pacific division, Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Rees; northern Pacific division, Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Rees. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PORTLAND, ME., DISTRICT. This district was in charge of Lieut. Col. W. E. Craighill, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer, Col. W. M. Black, Corps of Engi- neers, to June 13, 1913, and Col. F. V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 1. St. Croix River, Me.-St. Croix River forms a part of the inter- national boundary between the United States and Canada. What- ever may have been its original or natural condition, the present depth at mean low tide is little more than 3 feet at and near Calais, the head of navigation. The width of the 3-foot channel varies from 180 to 500 feet. Extensive lumbering operations, under wasteful methods carried on for many years, have resulted in large accu- mulations of sawmill waste, etc., which are in a great measure responsible for the present condition of the stream. The mean tidal range is 19.9 feet. The depth is great up to a point about 4 miles below Calais. The river has its source in a series of lakes in the State of Maine, on or near the boundary, and flows in a general southeasterly direction for about 100 miles, emptying into Passamaquoddy Bay. The sec- tion of the river included in the project for improvement extends downstream from Calais a distance of about 34 miles. Calais is at 11482°-ENG 1913-3 84 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. the head of navigation and about 14 miles from the mouth of the river. Until the present project no work of improvement has ever been done at this locality by the United States, except the construc- tion of three piers in 1856 and their repair in 1881. The latter work cost $4,000. The river has been examined several times and sur- veyed, but because of the practice of throwing mill refuse into the stream appropriations made by the United States were diverted, and one by the Canadian Government was not expended. A survey was made on which $1,000 was expended, making the total expenditures prior to operations under existing project $5,000. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, is to secure a channel 9 feet deep at mean low tide, 100 feet wide from the upper steamboat wharf at Calais to the public landing of St. Stephen, thence 150 feet wide to the lower steamboat wharf at Calais, and thence 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Hills Point, in accordance with report printed in House Document No. 748, Sixty-first Congress, second session. From Hills Point down- stream there is sufficient width and depth. The estimated cost of this work is $234,000. This project has not been modified since its adoption. Referenfes to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. At and below Calais................... . .... . .. ......... ... ........... ....... ............ 1867 503 Breakwater 1............................. House... 27 Forty-sixth... Third.......... ...... At and below Calais 2........ ................- .. ... ........ .. ... 1887 477 Do..... ...................... House... 89 Fifty-first..... First...... 1890 463 Do.2 ............................. do..... 55 Fifty-fifth........do....... 1897 805 Do.a.....................................do..... 748 Sixty-first.... Second............... 1 Contains maps. No maps. Basis of project adopted by Congress. Except for the winter months dredging was in progress throughout the fiscal year 1913, under the first contract for work under the pres- ent project. The material removed amounted to 136,958 cubic yards. The total amount expended on the existing project up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, is $50,651.32, all for new work. About 37 per cent of the total quantity of excavation covered by the project has been accomplished, or about 27 per cent on the basis of the estimated cost. Work was commenced at the lower end and except for an intermediate section of about 2,000 feet, the project width and depth have been accomplished for nearly one-half the total projected length. The traffic by water during the calendar year 1912 was 126,066 short tons, largely coal and lumber, with an estimated total value amounting to $983,279. No effect on freight rates or movement is to be expected until the improvement is further advanced. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 35 The sum estimated for the fiscal year 1915 will be applied to con- tinuation and completion of the dredging. As all the business on the river is to and from the head of navigation the improvement must be practically completed in order that a material measure of benefit may be secured. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended_ -___--- -- ______ _____---$71, 005. 53 Amount appropriated by river and harbor" act approved March 4, 75, 000. 00 1913 1913-----------------------------------------------5,000.00 146, 005..53 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement __---------------- ----- 46, 656. 85 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ----------------------------99, 348. 68 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities__________________________ 10, 939. 91 July 1, 1913, balance available ....------------------------------ 88, 408. 77 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----------- 13, 960. 16 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- ------------------------ ------------ 84, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, for works of improvement ...------------------- 84, 000. 00 (See Appendix A 1.) , 2. Breakwater from Mount Desert to PorcupineIsland, Bar Har- bor, Me.-The object of the breakwater is to protect the wharves of Bar Harbor and the anchorage in front of the town from the heavy seas of southerly gales. The main portion of the breakwater is in water approximating 50 feet in depth, and the greater part of the protected area has depths ranging from 20 to 80 feet at mean low tide. The act of August 11, 1888, made an appropriation for commenc- ing the work. The project was modified in 1893 as to length of breakwater, and now provides for a structure of riprap stone, ex- tending from Porcupine Island 2,500 feet in a westerly direction to a point about 600 feet from the low-water line on Mount Desert Island. The top of the breakwater is to be at the level of mean high tide, 20 feet wide, and the side slopes such as the rock assumes- about 1 on 1. The estimate of cost was based on the expectation that 382,000 tons of stone would be required, and was placed at $420,200. For report on examination and survey, with map, see Annual Re- port of the Chief of Engineers for 1887, page 481; see also map at page 576, report for 1891; and page 678, report for 1893, for modi- fication of project. Operations during the fiscal year just ended have consisted in plac- ing 35,473 tons of stone in extending the work, under a contract which provides for completion of the breakwater. The expenditures to June 30, 1913, have amounted to $274,950.64, which sum includes a claim by Thomas Rys Smith, $6,391.12, provided for by act of Con- gress approved June 23, 1894. The project was placed under the continuing-contract system by the act of February 27, 1911, and the entire amount has been appro- priated. 1 Exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. 36 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The breakwater has been built for a distance of about 2,088 feet, though the outer end is not to full section, leaving about 412 feet yet to be constructed; the total quantity of stone deposited to the present time is 272,166 tons, or about 71 per cent of the estimated whole. The beneficial effects resulting from the portion of the breakwater already built in protecting the wharves at Bar Harbor and the anchorage basin, which is extensively used by costly pleasure craft during the summer season, areappreciably felt, but in order to secure the desired protection at high water of spring tides it may be found necessary to raise the breakwater to a height of about 6 feet above mean high tide. The mean range in tides is 10.5 feet. The benefits to navigation are general in providing a harbor of refuge, and local in making it possible for boats to land at the wharves at all times with safety. The only convenient method of transportation to and from Bar Harbor is by boat. The tonnage of Bar Harbor for the calendar year 1913 is reported as 26,864 short tons. The value of commodities constituting the freight traffic is estimated as $423,453; it is impracticable to estimate the value of vessel property afforded protection. The passengers numbered 243,599. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended____- ------ _____--___-__ $29, 574. 03 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved Aug. 24, 1912.... 75,000. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved June 23, 1913-... 70, 200. 00 174, 774. 03 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement --------- ------- --------------------------- 23, 133. 55 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended_-- ------- ___ --- __-151, 640.48 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities _--- _____ ______---8, 274. 32 July 1, 1913, balance available ---------------------- 143, 366. 16 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___---- 92, 632. 64 Amount of continuing contract authorization, act of Feb. 27, 1911___ 145, 200. 00 Amount appropriated under such authorization_-._--. --- - 145, 200. 00 (See Appendix A 2.) 3. Harbor at Sullivan Falls, Me.-Sullivan River, which is about 9 miles north of Bar Harbor, has a length of about 6 miles and is the outlet of a large bay. About midway of its length a point of land projects to such extent as to reduce the width to about one-fourth that immediately above and below, and at this place the slope and velocity are such that the locality is termed " Sullivan Falls." The bottom is ledge, the higher portions forming dangerous obstructions to naviga- tion. Hatchers rock, about midway of the narrow channel at the falls, had originally only about 6 inches of water over it at mean low tide. Sullivan River discharges into Frenchmans Bay. Immediately below the " falls" there is about 20 feet, and the depth increases greatly downstream. Under a project set forth in report of the district engineer, dated December 10, 1870 (see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1871, p. 836), and under appropriations based thereon, the sum of $35,000 was expended in removing three old piers, in excavating the obstructing ledges at the falls to a depth of 7 feet at mean low tide, and in replacing spindles on two rocks near the mouth of the RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 37 river. This work was completed in 1875 and was of material benefit to navigation. The present project is that referred to in the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, as the "approved project," and published in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1891, page 619 (H. Doc. No. 84, 51st Cong., 2d sess., with map). It provides for removing Hatchers rock and two other points of ledge to a depth of 10 feet at mean low tide, at an estimated cost of $35,000. This project has not been modified. There was no work during the fiscal year 1913. Bids were invited by public advertisement, but were regarded as too high and were re- jected. It is proposed to do the work by hired labor. Expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1913, have been $14,949.40, all for new work. The work done under the existing project has consisted in remov- ing the entire area of Hatchers rock and about five-sixths of ledge " C " to the depth of 10 feet at mean low tide. About 70 per cent of the work covered by the project has been accomplished. To complete the project, about 255 cubic yards of ledge measured in place are yet to be removed. The improvement not only increases the navigable depth, but also, by removing the cause of eddies and cross currents, has added to the length of time at each high and low tide during which vessels may pass through the rapids with safety. Vessels can not use the channel at low stages except when the tide is slack. This occurs after the tide has flowed about 2 feet, at which time vessels drawing 11 feet can pass through safely. The improvement may be regarded as permanent. The mean range in tides is 10.5 feet. The commerce for the calendar year 1912 is given as 31,325 tons, nearly all stone, with an estimated value of $70,000. The improve- ment is reported as affecting freight rates, but definite figures in this respect are not available. No estimate for additional funds is submitted. With the appro- priation carried in the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, it is hoped that sufficient work can be done so that the project may be regarded as practically completed. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912_ $5, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement ------------------------------------------------ 78. 76 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended_ ----------------- ---- 4, 921. 24 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------------------- 15, 000.00 (See Appendix A 3.) 4. Bass HarborBar, Me.-Bass Harbor Bar is a shoal extending from the southerly extremity of Mount Desert Island a distance of about 1 mile to Great Gotts Island. The locality is about 20 miles by water from Bar Harbor. The best crossing gave about 14 feet at mean low tide where the width between the 15-foot contours was about 250 feet, but numerous bowlders obstructed the crossing mak- ing it dangerous in rough weather, a very frequent condition. The mean tidal range is 10 feet. 38 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, V. S. ARMY. The present project, which is the first for this locality, provides for a clear depth of not less than 14 feet at mean low tide for a width of 250 feet across the bar. The estimated cost was $10,000. The project is based upon a report of an examination and survey printed, with map, as House Document No. 1128, Sixty-second Congress, third session. It was adopted by the act of March 4, 1913, by which the entire estimated cost was appropriated. Work was commenced June 5, 1913, with a large steam lighter, and by the close of the fiscal year such progress had been made that it is expected the work will be completed about the middle of July. The total expenditures have been $180.20 all for new work. No statistics as to tonnage and value are available. The bar is an obstructive point on a route much used by both sail and steam craft, and the improvement is designed to improve the safety and regularity of the traffic. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913_ $10, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement ------------------------------------------------ 180. 20 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended- ------------- __---------- 9, 819. 80 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities__------,_______-------- 1, 613. 34 July 1, 1913, balance available--------....-----------------------8, 206. 46 (See Appendix A 4.) 6. Deer Island Thoroughfare, Me.--This is a narrow passage about 9 miles long, on the southerly side of Deer Island, which lies on the eastern side of the entrance to Penobscot Bay. The general depth is good, but at the westerly end numerous ledges make the much-used passage difficult and dangerous, over some of the ledges there being only about 7 feet at mean low tide. The mean tidal range is 9.66 feet. The present project, which is the first for this locality, is to remove the obstructing ledges at the westerly end of the thoroughfare to a depth of 15 feet at mean low tide for a width of 300 feet, at an esti- mated cost of $40,000. This project was adopted by the act of March 4, 1913, which provided the entire estimated cost. The examination and survey reports, with map, on which the project is based are printed in House Document No. 1128, Sixty-second Congress, third session. The project has not been modified. Specifications have been prepared and the work will be advertised at an early date. The total expenditures up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, have been $581.71, representing for the most part the expense of a survey to determine accurately the quantity of ledge to be taken out. The commerce at Stonington, on the thoroughfare, amounts to about 50,000 short tons per annum, and the passengers number from 2,200 to 2,500 over one line alone. From 150 to 200 sailing vessels per year take granite from Stonington. To this must be added a large number of vessels and many pleasure craft which pass through. During the survey 37 schooners passed through in one day. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913- $40, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year for works of im- provement--- -------- ... --------------- 581. 71 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended- ........... .......--- 39, 418. 29 (See Appendix A 5.) RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 39 6. Carvers Harbor, Vinalhaven, Me.-This is a small harbor in- denting the southern shore of the island of Vinalhaven, which lies in the outer portion of the entrance to Penobscot Bay. The island is so far removed from the mainland that there is no communication except by water. Before improvement the depth was from 3 to 8 feet at mean low tide. The harbor is small, about 50 acres in area. About 25 feet can be carried to the entrance. The mean tidal range is 9.3 feet. * Under a project adopted by act.of June 3, 1896, an area about 23 acres in extent was dredged to 16 feet at mean low tide, at a cost of $43,199.70. The existing project, adopted by act of March 4, 1913, provides for dredging an area of about 7 acres in the southeasterly part of the harbor to a depth of 10 feet at mean low tide, at an estimated cost of $16,000, which sum was provided by the act of 1913. This project is based on a report of examination and survey printed, with map, as House Document No. 624, Sixty-second Congress, second session, and has not been modified. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Inner harbor 1.... ........................ House... 31 Fifty-second.. Second.... 1893 725 Do.23......................... . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ....... . .. . . . . .304 . . . . do..... . .Fifty-third.... . . . .. . .. Third..... . . . . . . . . . . 1895 587 Do.2 .. . 1904 789 Do.2'...... ....... ................ .. do.... 624 Sixty-second.. Second... ............ 1 No maps. 2 Contains maps. 3 Basis of project adopted by Congress. The dredging necessary to accomplishment of the existing project was advertised, but the bids were regarded as too high and were re- jected. The work will be readvertised. The total expenditures on existing project to close of fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, have been $48.40. The tonnage amounts to about 72,000 short tons, chiefly stone, fish, coal, and wood. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4. 1913_ $16, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement------ -------------------------------------------- 48. 40 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended_- - --. -_______--__ - 1- 951. 60 15, (See Appendix A 6.) 7. Penobscot River, Me. Penobscot River drains a large number of lakes and small streams, and after assuming distinct character as a stream flows about 100 miles in a southerly direction through the middle of the State, discharging into Penobscot Bay. Except the dredging of a sawdust bar opposite High Head, near Bucksport, Me., the improvements have been confined to a stretch of about 3 miles of the river at and below Bangor. Before improve- 40 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. ment this part of the river was obstructed by ledge, bowlders, and mill waste to such extent as to afford a safe available depth of only about 6 feet at extreme low tide. The distance from Bangor to the head of the bay is about 27 miles. Penobscot Bay is for the most part very deep. About 40 feet can be had over the shoalest places in approaching the mouth of the river. The first project was approved August 22, 1870, and called for a depth of 12 feet at lowest tides for a width of 150 feet over 3 miles of river at and below Bangor. There was expended $198,300. In 1884 a project was adopted for widening the channel at Bangor, and for certain improvements in the river below, near Crosbys Nar- rows. An addition was afterwards made providing for a 22-foot depth between Bucksport and Winterport. After a survey, ordered by the act of September 19, 1890, the project was modified and extended, so that it included a depth of 11 feet at extreme low tide for a width of 360 feet in Bangor Harbor; to widen, straighten, and deepen the channel near Crosbys Narrows and near Stern's mill to a depth of 12 feet at extreme low tide; and to secure a channel depth of 22 feet at mean low tide between Bucksport and Winterport. The estimated cost of the entire work was placed at $440,000. March 3, 1899, the.project was again extended by providing for removal of ledge in front of the Boston & Bangor Steamboat Co.'s wharf at Bangor and for deepening the basin of Kenduskeag stream at its junction with the Penobscot, and $28,000 was appropriated for the work. The results aimed at by the project of 1884 and the subsequent additions are regarded as practically accomplished, and the cost has been $172,550, a total expenditure down to this time of $370,850. By the act of March 2, 1907, Congress adopted a further project for an additional width at Bangor, varying from 100 to 300 feet, for a length of nearly 2,000 feet, the depth to be 11 feet at extreme low tide (14 feet at mean low water). (See H. Doc. No. 739, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) The estimated cost of this work is $130,000. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Above Hampden 1....................................... ................... ........ 1868 863 Oldtown to Medway 1.................. ....... ... .... .... .... .......... 1874 331 Bangor 2 ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. ... . . Senate.. . . . . . . . . . . .23 . Forty-fifth.... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Second.... . ... .. 1878 193 Bucksport and Bangor 2 2... 1880 328 Bangor and below .............................. Senate.. 44 Forty-eighth.. First...... 1884 475 Bangor to Bucksport 13 ................ House.. 133 Fiftieth..........do....... 1888 425 Bucksport to Winterport 2........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .... .... . . ... . . .. . ...... ... ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 1889 516 Bangor2and below 2 .. . ... . 1892 504 Do. .................................. House.. 37 Fifty-second.. First...... 1892 533 Marsh River 1................................do..... 45 Fifty-fifth.... ... do....... 1897 801 Bangor and below 2 8.......................do..... 49 ..... do......... do....... 1897 811 Bucksport Narrows 1. ...................... . . . . . do.... 61 Fifty-sixth... ... do....... 1900 1101 Kenduskeag River 1 .. .............. .. do.. 54 .... do........ do...... 1900 1108 Bangor 2"..........................do.... 739 Fifty-ninth._... do........ ...... Marsh River 1........................do.... 274 .... do.... Second............... 1No maps. 2 Contains maps. 3 Basis of project adopted by Congress. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 41 The existing project, that of 1907, has not been modified. Except when suspended during the winter, operations under this project were in progress throughout the fiscal year 1913 under a contract covering the entire work. The amount expended to June 30, 1913. is $107,814.52, all for new work. About 95 per cent of the area has now been completed, about 13 per cent representing the operations for the year. The greater portion of this work is rock excavation. The least depth on the area now being lexcavated is 14 feet at mean low tide, except for a very small part, which is nearly completed. Elsewhere in the river the depth is greater. While Bangor, where there is a dam, without a lock, is the head of ordinary navigation, the river above is extensively used for floating logs from the upper waters. The mean range of tide at Bangor is 13.1 feet. The tonnage for the calendar year 1912 is given as 549,476 short tons, the chief items being coal, lumber and cooperage, sand, and stone. The value of receipts and shipments is estimated as about $11,000,000. It is said that no reduction in water rates has resulted from the present improvement, which provides for an enlargement of the har- bor space, but Bangor secures the usual advantage in rail rates due to its being a water point. GENERAL IMPROVEMENT. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $5, 500. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement ------------------------------------------------ 50. 00 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended----------------------------- 5, 450. 00 AT BANGOR. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended----------------------------$52, 663. 84 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement--------------------------------------------- 30, 478. 36 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended----- ---------------------- 22, 185. 48 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ----------------------- 11, 587. 99 July 1, 1913, balance available----- ------------------------- 10, 597.49 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 10, 576. 75 (See Appendix A 7.) 8. Stockton Harbor, Me.--Stockton Harbor is a well-protected area of about 1,000 acres on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, near its head. The greatest depth was on the easterly side, where there was from 18 to 20 feet at mean low tide. The depth at the mouth of the harbor is about 35 feet, and in Penobscot Bay much greater. The mean tidal range is 10 feet. The depth within the harbor was insufficient for the movement of heavy .vessels, and a project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 1166, Sixtieth Congress, second ses- sion, provided for dredging a channel on the easterly side 25 feet deep at mean low tide and 300 feet wide, beginning at the 25-foot contour and extending about 3,600 feet into the harbor to a point 42 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. off the new railroad wharf. The estimated cost was $38,000, the total amount of which was appropriated by the act of 1910. This is the first project for this locality. The work wvas completed in accordance with the project during the fiscal year 1911. There were no operations during the fiscal year 1913 except office work and observation. The total expenditures have been $33,000, all for new work. The full project depth of 25 feet at mean low tide has been secured. The commerce for the calendar year 1912 amounted to 402,760 short tons, principally coal, fertilizer, potatoes, paper, rags, and lumber, with a total estimated value of about $7,500,000. There is no local business. The tonnage represents the business of a railroad terminal which affords an outlet by water, and the existence of which influences for better the all-rail accommodation affecting a great amount of traffic. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended_ ----------------------------- $5, 980. 61 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement----------------------------------------------- 980. 61 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 (See Appendix A 8.) 9. Camden Harbor, Me.-Camden Harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, about 8 miles north of Rockland, Me. It has an area of about 50 acres. Originally the depth in the outer harbor was about 6 feet at mean low tide and less than 1 foot in the inner harbor, where most of the wharves are located. The depth in Penob- scot Bay near Camden is about 50 feet, and ranges to depths much greater. The mean tidal range is 9.6 feet. The first project was that of 1872, and under it channels 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low tide were dredged on both the easterly and westerly sides of the harbor, at a c6st of $30,000. The act of August 11, 1888, made the first appropriation under a project for dredging at the entrance to 12 feet at mean low tide, for dredging the main portion of the harbor to 10 feet at mean low tide, and for small channels in the upper portion to 5 feet. This project was completed in 1897, with an expenditure of $44,940.79. Under the act of June 13, 1902, a project was adopted for dredg- ing an area in the vicinity of the steamboat wharf, in the outer har- bor, to 14 feet at mean low tide. This work was completed in 1903. The cost was $7,459.21. The total expenditures on Camden Harbor during above period were $82,400. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, is in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 1117, Sixtieth Congress, second session, and provides for dredging the area in the upper part of the harbor to 10 feet at mean low tide. at an estimated cost of $20,000, which amount was appropriated by the act of 1910. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 43 References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. (1)- .......... .- -.... ....... .............. ... ........ 1873 1106 Harbor 21.... . . . . . . ........... . . . . . . . . . ... . . . ......... . .. . . . . House... . 141 Fiftieth....... First...... 1888 403 Do. .... . . do... 263 Fifty-sixth .. do... 1900 1111 Inner harbor 2, ...... ............. ...do.... 1117 Sixtieth.......:::: econd. .... ...... 1 No maps. 2 Contains maps. 3 Basis of project adopted by Congress. Operations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, were con- fined to office work. The existing project was completed, without modification, in October, 1911. The amount expended on this new work is $20,000. The general depth in the harbor is about 9 feet at mean low tide. The tonnage for the calendar year 1912 amounted to 49,796 short tons, principally coal, lumber, building materials, etc., having an esti- mated value of about $1,000,000. The purpose of the latest project was to increase the anchorage for small boats. Its effect on freight rates, if any, would be indirect. As the project for this improvement is completed, the funds appro- priated therefor exhausted, and no further work contemplated at present this work will be dropped from future annual reports. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended_ $159. 99 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improve- nient_ --------------------------------------------- 159. 99 (See Appendix A 9.) 10. Rockport Harbor, Me.-Rockport Harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, about 6 miles north of Rockland, Me. It has an area of about 45 acres. Originally the depth along the wharves in the upper part of the harbor was but 4 feet at mean low tide. In the outer harbor the depth is not less than 50 feet, and ranges to much greater depths in Penobscot Bay. The mean tidal range is 9.8 feet. Under a project adopted in 1888 the upper harbor was dredged to 12 feet at mean low tide, at a cost of $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, and is in accordance with plan printed in House Docu- inent No. 963, Sixtieth Congress, first session, which provides for the removal of a ledge, about midway of the entrance to the harbor, over which there is only about 41 feet at mean low tide. It is proposed to remove the ledge to a depth of 15 feet below the level of mean low tide, at an estimated cost of $32,000, which sum is provided by the act of 1910. 44 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. For reports on examinations and surveys see House Document No. 141, Fiftieth Congress, first session (Annual Report of Chief of En- gineers for 1888, p. 407), and House Document No. 963, Sixtieth Con- gress, first session. No maps have been printed. The existing project has not been modified and is now in progress under contract. Work was commenced in September, 1911, and, except when suspended for the winter, has since been in progress. The entire area has been drilled and blasted and mo~t of the loosened material removed. It is now being again gone over to secure grade where it has not been obtained. As the shoal places were numerous and irregular it is im- practicable to give a more definite statement as to the progress, but the work is well advanced toward completion. About 39 per cent of the ledge excavation has been paid for. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $13,073.96, all for new work. The commerce by water for the calendar year 1912 is reported as 198,345 short tons, the chief items being lumber and cooperage, wood, ice, coal, bricks, etc., with an estimated value of $637,387. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended----------------------------$30, 047. 09 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement ------------------------------------------- 11, 121.05 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 18, 926. 04 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities 068. 41 1-------------------------- July 1, 1913, balance available------------------------------- 17, 857.63 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 15, 638. 00 (See Appendix A 10.) 11. Rockland Harbor, Me.-Rockland Harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay near its mouth. It has an area of about 1,180 acres. The wharves are located on the shores of three coves, formed by two projecting points of land on the western side of the harbor, known as Crocketts Point and Atlantic Point. The general direc- tion of the wharf frontage is north and south, and the length of frontage is about 800 feet. Before improvement depths in front of the wharves increased very slowly. All the whaves except those at the end of Crocketts Point and Atlantic Point extended only a short distance beyond the low-water contour, a high mean range in tide, which at this point is 9.6 feet, being relied upon to give access to moderate and light-draft vessels at high tides. The entrance to the harbor from the east has a width of about 9,000 feet. The depth within the harbor ranges from 6 feet to 30 feet; at the entrance the depth is about 50 feet, increasing rapidly out into Penobscot Bay. Before improvement the anchorage in front of the wharves, vessels lying at the wharves, and the wharves themselves were endangered by heavy seas during easterly gales. The first improvement undertaken was to render it a safe harbor of refuge for coastwise shipping, and incidentally also to protect the wharves as far as possible from heavy seas. To accomplish this a project was adopted in 1881 in which two breakwaters were con- templated, one extending south from Jamesons Point, the other a detached breakwater nearer to and opposite the principal wharves in the town, both to be raised in the first instance to the level of RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 45 mean tide, but with the expectation that a further raising would be necessary as experience might dictate. In 1886 this project was amended so as to raise the height of the breakwater at Jamesons Point to the level of mean high tide. In 1.890 it was again amended so as to eliminate the detached break- water and to provide for extending the breakwater at Jamesons Point farther south than was first contemplated. By the act of June 3, 1896, Congress adopted a project for dredg- ing the inner harbor in the vicinity of the wharves to depths ranging from 4 feet to 13 feet at mean low tide and for removing two danger- ous ledges, one occupying a central position in the harbor, which was to be cut down to the depth of 22 feet at mean 16w tide; the other, less centrally located, was to be removed to a depth of 14 feet. The estimated cost was $402,000. By the same act this project was com- bined with that for the breakwater as one project, and authority was given for completing the whole under the continuing-contract system at an estimated expenditure of $1,036,000. (See H. Doc. No. 85, 54th Cong., 1st sess., including map.) The existing project is, therefore, the construction of a stone break- water extending about 4,346 feet in a southerly direction from Jame- sons Point, the removal of two groups of ledges, and dredging along the harbor line. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Breakwater ............ ..... .. .................. ......... ............ 1881 466 Do.' ............. ......... ......... ...................... 1890 439 Harbor 5... ...................... ..... House... 105 Fifty-second.. Second.... 1893 729 Do.1 5..................... .......... do... 85 Fifty-fourth... First...... 1896 581 Atlantic Point .......................... ... do.... 421 Sixty-second.. Second............... 1Contains maps. 2 No maps. 3 Basis of project adopted by Congress. There was no work, beyond supervision, during the fiscal year 1912. The appropriations for the above work have aggregated $925,500. Expenditures to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, have been $920,869.38, of which $5,006.65 is regarded as for mainte- nance. As a result the project has been completed, subject to any work that may be needed from time to time until the slopes of the breakwater have assumed a condition of definite permanence. The benefits resulting are that the breakwater affords a safe and extensive anchorage and harbor of refuge. The removal of ledges has increased the available anchorage area, and the dredging affords access to the wharves by vessels of greater draft. The business by water for the calendar year 1912 amounted to 712,990 short tons, chiefly coal, granite, lumber and cooperage, bricks, 46 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. lime, cement, and general merchandise. The value of the commodities has been estimated as $14,533,667. It is impracticable to definitely state the direct effect on freight rates. Aside from the advantage arising from competitive water transportation, freight charges by water have been subject to reduc- tion, so far at least as bulk freights are concerned, through economies made possible by the use of larger vessels. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended____________________________ $5, 061.43 June 30, 1913, amount expended dirring fiscal year, for maintenance of improvement-------------------------------------------__ 430. 81 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended______-- ____ _____________- 4, 630. 62 (See Appendix A 11.) 12. Medomak River, Me.-Waldoboro, at the head of navigation, is 16 miles west of Rockland. The river has its source about 20 miles above Waldoboro and flows southerly. Below Waldoboro about 5.5 miles the river enters Hockomock Channel, one of several passages leading to the sea. The channel of the Medomak shoals gradually from its mouth upstream. About 1.5 miles below Waldoboro the depth is 5 feet; from thence upstream the river is in places but 1 foot deep at mean low tide. The existing project, which is the first for this locality, is based upon an examination and survey report, which, with map, is printed as House Document No. 674, Sixty-second Congress, second session. The aim is to secure a depth of 5 feet at mean low tide for a width of 75 feet, from the 5-foot contour a distance of about 11 miles up to the village of Waldoboro. The estimated cost is $17,000, which was provided by the act of March 4, 1913. The project has not been modified. A previous examination and survey were the subjects of a report submitted in 1903 and printed (without map) as House Document No. 195, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session (Annual report, Chief of Engineers, 1904, p. 804). A contract has been made which covers all the dredging to ac- complish the project, and the work will be commenced at once. The total expenditures up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, have been $56.90. The mean tidal range is 9.5 feet. The water traffic amounts to about 4,000 short tons per annum, largely coal and lumber. The purpose of the improvement is not only to effect a reduction in rates on these commodities, but to permit of development of traffic in other lines which have been restricted in the use of the river because of lack of depth. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 4, 1913_ $17, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement------------- ---------------------------------- 56. 90 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended_-______-_________ __-_--- 16, 943.10 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------ 14, 805. 00 (See Appendix A 12.) 13. South Bristol Harbor, Me.-South Bristol Harbor is a small indentation on the easterly side of Damariscotta River and about 3 miles above the mouth of that stream. The mouth of the Damaris- RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 47 cotta is about 9 miles east of the mouth of the Kennebec. South Bristol Harbor is the westerly end of a passage about 1 mile in length, connecting Damariscotta and Johns Rivers. The value of the pas- sage consists in the fact that it affords a direct protected passage and permits small vessels to avoid a long exposed detour. There is good depth, except at the westerly end, at South Bristol, where a draw- bridge spans the narrowest and shoalest part. Directly west of and in close proximity to the bridge a shoulder 8f ledge projects boldly into the passage and seriously obstructs an otherwise fairway. The least width at low tide is about 10 feet, and the least depth about 2 feet at this place. The draw opening is 30 feet. At the mouth of the harbor the depth is about 39 feet, from whence it shoals to about 7 feet, and to 2 feet at the bridge. East of the bridge there is about 17 feet of water until Johns River is reached, when the depth increases rapidly. The mean tidal range is 9.1 feet. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, is in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 564, Sixty-second Congress, second session, and provides for removing the obstructing ledge to the depth of 2 feet at mean low tide, at an estimated cost of $3,500, which amount was provided by theabove- named act. The project has not been modified. The work of removing the ledge was commenced about the 1st of June, and by the close of the fiscal year 1913 much drilling and blasting had been done, though no distinct advantage to navigation had yet been secured. The total amount expended on the existing project up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, is $32.12 for new work. The project will probably be completed in August, 1913. It was impracticable to secure definite statements of tonnage. The greater part of the traffic is not local, but passes through the "Gut." From April 1 to December 31, 1912, the bridge draw was opened 800 times. Aside from this a great number of small boats passed under the draw without it being opened. During June, July, August, and September, 1912, the passengers to and from South Bristol by water numbered about 7,000. The improvement will probably not affect rates, but will permit of more safe and regular movement. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended------------------------------- $3, 500. 00. June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement ------------------------------ -------- 32. 12 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 3, 467. 88 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities------ -------------------------- 90. 00 July 1, 1913, balance available----------------------------------- 3, 377. 88 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts-------------- 3, 096. 20 (See Appendix A 13.) 14. Boothbay Harbor, Me.-Boothbay Harbor is about 14.5 miles southeast of Bath, Me., by water. The outer harbor is commodious, with depths of 30 feet and greater. The inner harbor, which is the locality under improvement, has an area of about 73 acres. The depth at mean low tide is from 14 to 25 feet, except along the wharves and at the upper end, where, before improvement, it was only from 4 to 7 feet. The mean tidal range is 8.8 feet. 48 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, is in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 82, Sixty-second Congress, first session, and provides for dredging to a depth of 12 feet at mean low tide along the wharves and at the upper end, at an estimated cost of $18,000, which was provided by the above-named act. This is the first work authorized for this locality. The project has not been modified. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual Reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. . . . .. ... . . .. . . . . .. . . . . Inner harbor 1 ...... House... 46 1897 Fifty-fifth..... First...... 802 Do.s ........................... .. do.... 277 Fifty-sixth.......do...... 1900 1117 Do.23................................. ..do.... 82 Sixty-second. ... do................. ' No maps. 2Contain maps. 8 Basis of project adopted by Congress. Operations during the fiscal year included all the dredging covered by the project. The full project depth was secured except for a lim- ited area close in front of the wharf line, where ledge projects about 4 feet above grade. The removal of the ledge is being planned for. The total expenditures on the existing project up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, amount to $12,238.59, all for new work. With the removal of a small quantity of ledge the project will be completed. Commercial statistics for calendar year 1912 are incomplete. One steamboat line carried about 25,000 passengers and about 13,000 short tons of miscellaneous freight. The improvement is expected to affect freight rates on lumber and coal and to benefit other traffic by improving access to the wharves. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended_---------------------- --------- $18, 000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement ------ --------- ---------------------- 12, 238. 59 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended-- -------------------------- 5, 761. 41 (See Appendix A 14.) 15. Sasanoa River, Me.-The Sasanoa, formerly called Back River, and sometimes "Gut opposite Bath," is a tidal river, or thoroughfare, about 9 miles in length, connecting the Kennebec River, at Bath, Me., with Sheepscot River. Improvement has been confined to a length of about 2 miles at its western end. The depth in the Kennebec near the mouth of the Sasanoa is about 30 feet, and in the Sheepscot it is 60 feet and greater. Originally this stream was much obstructed in the vicinity of Upper Hell Gate. The channel at and near that place was crooked and narrow and was obstructed by dangerous ledges, the shoalest of which had not more than 3 feet of water over it at mean low tide. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 49 Between 1870 and 1881 the sum of $45,500 was appropriated, and the navigation was much improved by rock excavation, dredging, and the construction of a small jetty. By act of June 3, 1896, a new project was adopted for widening the channel at Upper Hell Gate to 125 feet, with a depth of 12 feet at mean low tide, by ledge excavation; for dredging to the same depth at Carletons ledges, and for constructing a small jetty at the Camp Ground, at an estimated cost of $19,000, which amount was appropriated by the same act. This project was completed in 1898, at a cost of $11,987.69. The present project, submitted by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors February 7, 1907 (Rivers and Harbors Com. Doc. No. 47, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), is to increase to a width of not less than 140 feet the channel 90 feet wide made under the first project through the ledges southeastwardly of Upper Hell Gate, and to re- move Flat Rock, all to the depth of 12 feet at mean low tide. This project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1907, which contained an appropriation of the entire estimated cost, viz, $44,000. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Western 1........ ......... ---...................... ................ 1867 499 Do.'................................... D o.2......... --------------------- -...... -- ..... ........................... . 1880 334 334 Do..1 ........................ ... House... 142 Fiftythird.... Third.... 1895 953 Do. ......... ..................... Commit- 47 Sixty-first.....Second................ tee. 1 No maps. s Contain maps. a Basis of project adopted by Congress. There has been no change in the existing project. There were no operations during the last fiscal year. Expenditures under existing project to June 30, 1913, have been $35,000, all for new work, and the project has been completed. The Sasanoa is the usual route of travel to Boothbay Harbor, a place of considerable importance, and in the summer the travel is much increased by the large number of summer residents at Squirrel Island and other resorts in that vicinity. It is navigable throughout its entire length and has about 12 feet depth at mean low tide over the shoalest parts. The mean range of tide in the vicinity of the last improvement is about 8.5 feet. The work recently completed has re- sulted in giving practically a straight channel 140 feet wide where the width was formerly 90 feet. By reducing the current it has made the straight channel easily navigable, while before it was regarded as difficult, and vessels used a crooked channel to the westward of Green Island, where there was less current. The increase in discharge capacity and elimination of some of the cross currents has improved the condition in the westerly channel also. 11482°-ENG 1913--4 50 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The business for the calendar year 1912 is given as 9,808 short tons of general merchandise, having an estimated value of about $1,000,000. The number of passengers carried was 59,691. The effect on freight rates can not be stated in a definite way, but the improvement permits the use of larger vessels necessary to accom- modate the increasing travel and renders the passage less dangerous. July 1, 1912, balance unexpende1L___________________________ $9, 000 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended --------- ___-------------9, 000 (See Appendix A 15.) 16. Kennebec River, Me.-Kennebec River drains a large number of lakes and minof streams, and from Moosehead Lake, in western central Maine, flows about 150 miles in a southerly direction, and discharges into the Atlantic about 25 miles east of Portland. Works of improvement have been confined to that section of the river be- tween Augusta, at the head of navigation and about 44 miles above the mouth, and the foot of Swan Island, about 20 miles from the mouth. The characteristic depth at the mouth is about 30 feet. Before improvement the main channel of the river between the foot of Swan Island and Gardiner was obstructed by shoals near Beef rock with only 10 feet of water at mean low tide, by dangerous sunkenledges in Lovejoy Narrows, by a shoal below South Gardiner, with only 8 feet on it at mean low tide, and by a ledge at Nehumkeg Island. The steamboat channel to the west of Swan Island (at Hatchs rock) was obstructed by a shoal over which there was only 7 feet of water, and the channel between Gardiner and Augusta, a distance of 64 miles, was obstructed by shoals which gave a navi- gable depth of only 34 feet in low summer tides. Appropriations for minor improvements were made at various times between 1827 and 1852. In 1866 a project was begun for improving the upper part of the river, with a view to obtaining a channel 7 feet deep and 100 feet wide at low water. This project, with modifications, was completed in 1877, and resulted in obtaining a channel 10 feet deep at mean low tide and not less than 100 feet wide as far up as Gardiner and a depth of 64 feet at low tide and width of 100 feet from Gardiner to Augusta. The channel west of Swan Island, being obstructed by shoal water (8 feet at mean low tide) and a too narrow channnel at the head of the island, by shoal water at Hatchs rock below Richmond, and by a very narrow channel 30 feet wide at the foot of the island, was im- proved by dredging in 1881-1883, so as to give a channel 175 feet wide and 11 feet deep at the foot of the island and a channel of about 80 feet width and 10 feet depth at Hatchs rock and the head of the island. The river and harbor act of 1886 provided for a new survey of the river from Bath to Augusta. This survey was made in 1887, and a project embracing dredging, rock excavation, and contraction works was submitted for the further improvement of the river. In 1892 this project was revised to secure depths as follows: Thirteen feet at mean low tide as far up as Sands Island, 12 feet thence to Hinck- leys Shoal, above Gardiner, and 10 feet thence to Augusta, at an estimated cost of $388,500. This project was approved August 19, 1892, and was essentially completed in 1898. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 51 The improved channel obtained under the above projects suffered some loss of available depth by the deposits brought down by freshets. This shoaling was most marked in the stretch of 61 miles of river between Gardiner and Augusta, the further improvement of which was provided for by the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, which appropriated $40,000 and authorized a con- tinuing contract for the completion of the project. The last project is published at page 1121 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1900, and proposes d widening of the channel from Gardiner to Augusta to 125 feet and a cleaning out of the old dredged channel and its further deepening to 16 feet at mean high water, or 11 feet at mean low water. The total estimated cost of the project of 1902, which was $81,000, was appropriated, and the project was completed November 28, 1908. - The total of expenditures under the above projects is $590,411.03. A project for improvement between the mouth and Gardiner was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, and is designed to obtain, by dredging and ledge excavation, channels through the shoals between the foot of Swan Island and Gardiner at least 150 feet wide and of such depths that for a vessel passing up the river at the usual speed on the flood tide and timed to reach Gardiner at high water the available depth would at no point be less than 20.5 feet. The depth over ledge is to be 1 foot greater than this. Two training walls are to be repaired and one of them lengthened 700 feet. The cost of the project is estimated at $275,000. The act of 1907 placed the project under the continuing-contract system, and by that and subsequent acts the entire amount has been appropriated. This project, with map, is published as House Document No. 321, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session, and has not itself been modified, but the act of March 4, 1913, appropriated $30,500 to meet the entire cost, and adopted a project published, with maps, in House Document No. 746, Sixty-second Congress, second session, which provides for a depth of 12 feet at mean low tide in the channel west of Swan Island, increased to 15 feet over the upper shoal, and 100 feet wide. This project has not been changed. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Augusta to Lovejoy Narrows' ............ House... 94 Twenty-fifth.. Second................ Gardiner to Augusta.....................6.7.....8..... ............ .......... 1867 488 Richmond Harbor 2 . 2.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . House... . 29 Forty-sixth... Third..... 1881 479 412 Augusta to Bath do.... 133 Fiftieth....... First...... 1888 Swan Island 1 ..................................................... 1890 442 Waterville to Augusta'....... ....... House... 76 Fifty-second.. First...... 1892 541 Gardiner to Augusta'. . ............... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. do .... 262 Fifty-sixth... . . do...... 1900 1121 Mouth to Gardiner . . . Ia . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . do. ... 321 Fifty-ninth.. Second............... Popham Beach..2 .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . do .. 411 Sixty-first . do......do............... Swan Island' 3 do.... 746 Sixty-second. ... do...... .............. I 19IUp, ~ jsQp4ic dptdb osges I contatn maps, INo maps, olfiBIaS, ,Bas of project adopted by Congress, 52 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. During the fiscal year 1913, under the project of 1907, a ledge which had been discovered was surveyed and an attempt was made to remove it, but with little success. Bids for the dredging west of Swan Island were opened June 7, 1913, but were too high and were rejected. Expenditures to June 30, 1913, under the project of 1907, have been $271,586.24, all for new work. In the fiscal year 1912 the sum of $3.25 was received on account of sales. The project is completed except for the ledge above referred to, and a small shoal at Nehumkeg Island. No work has yet been done on the channel west of Swan Island under the project of 1913. Expenditures under this project to June 30, 1913, have been $33.63, all for new work. The mean rise and fall of tides at Bath is 6.9 feet; at Gardiner, 5.1 feet; at Augusta, 4.3 feet. Augusta is the head of navigation and is about 44 miles above the mouth of the river. Above that point the stream is practically devoted to water power and lumbering opera- tions. Over the shoalest part of the river between the mouth and Gardiner, which is the portion covered by the existing project, about 15 feet can be carried at mean low tide except for the small shoal near Nehumkeg Island, where the depth is about 13 feet. The work under the existing project has extended over a length of river about 14 miles between extremities. West of Swan Island the least depth is about 8.5 feet. The commerce for the calendar year 1912 amounted to 281,700 short tons, the principal items being coal, ice, lumber and cooperage, wood and pulp. The estimated value of the commodities is $5,139,850. While the use of the river for transportation purposes has some value in a competitive way, the principal effect on freight rates is due to the increased depths which permit the use of larger vessels and larger cargoes in handling. such commodities as coal, ice, and lumber, which demand cheap transportation. The channel west of Swan Island is to accommodate the steamboat traffic. MOUTH TO GARDINER (PROJECT OF 1907). July 1, 1912, balance unexpended---------------------------- $5, 521. 65 Amount expended during the fiscal year-------------- $2, 207. 37 Reimbursed_------------------------------------- 102. 73 June 30, 1913, net amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement----------------------------------------- 2, 104. 64 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended------------------------------3, 417.01 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities------------------------------- 2. 25 July 1, 1913, balance available ------------------------------- 3, 414. 76 CHANNEL WEST OF SWAN ISLAND (PROJECT OF 1913). Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913 ------------------------- __------------------------ $30, 500.00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement---------------------------------------------- 33. 63 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended---------------------------- 30, 466. 37 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities-__ -- 55. 04 July 1, 1913, balance available_ --....... ----- --------- 30, 411.33 (See Appendix A 16.) RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 53 17. Portland Harbor, Me.-This harbor is located in the south- western part of the State of Maine. The distance from the light- house at the entrance to the upper part of the main harbor is about 6 miles. There is no bar at the entrance. Up as far as the mouth of the inner harbor a least depth of about 42 feet is available. The entrance to the main part of the harbor of Portland, or the anchorage, has always been good, but blfore improvement the ap- proach to the inner harbor was obstructed by a shoal known as the Middle Ground, over which the depth was only from 8 to 10 feet at mean low tide, while between it and Stamford ledge the greatest available depth was only 16 feet. The best part 6f the wharf front was exposed to swell from the main entrance, which sometimes made it dangerous for vessels to lie at the docks, and along this front the depth was in some places as shallow as 4 feet. The first work of improvement undertaken by the Government was the construction of the breakwater. This was begun as early as 1836. It was completed in 1874. The work of deepening the harbor was begun under the act of Congress of 1868, the plan of improvement being to excavate a chan- nel 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low tide through the southern slope of the Middle Ground and to remove the bar off the Grand Trunk Railroad wharves to the same depth. The project was modified in 1870 so as to provide for a channel 400 feet wide, and again in 1871 so as to provide for a channel 500 feet wide. In 1872 further modifications were made by including in the project the dredging of Back Cove and the dredging of the inner harbor up to the harbor commissioner's lines to a depth of 16 feet at mean low tide. The project, modified as above described, except- ing some dredging in the inner harbor, was completed by 1876. Be- tween 1881 and 1885 the Middle Ground was removed to a depth of 21 feet at mean low tide. A further deepening of a portion of the harbor to 29 feet at mean low tide was next begun under the project of 1886. To this was sub- sequently added, in 1890, a small amount of dredging in the upper part of the harbor. In 1894 the project was extended to cover the widening of the upper part of the 29-foot area and the dredging of a channel 25 feet deep to connect the deep water in the lower part of the harbor with deep water in the upper part. This work was completed in 1894. By the act of June 3, 1896, Congress adopted a project for dredg- ing to 30 feet at mean low tide over the greater part of the harbor, at an estimated cost of $770,000, and included in the project the further improvement of Back Cove at a combined estimate of $946,250. (See S. Doc. No. 271, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) The same act appropri- ated $20,000 for beginning work and authorized the making of a contract for its completion. The latter project was completed in 1902, at a cost which was about $253,000 less than the estimate. By the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, Congress, authorized an amendment to the project by which the 30-foot channel was to be continued up Fore River as far as the Boston & Maine Railroad Bridge, a channel of entrance to Back Cove dredged to the same depth, the width in each case to be about 300 54 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. feet, and a small area on the south side of the harbor, in front of the old dry dock, also to be dredged. This work was completed in 1908. Expenditures under the above projects, to June 30, 1913, have been $1,515,701.74. The amount regarded as expended for maintenafice of improvement is $2,150.68; the amount received from sales is $9.44. All the above projects have been completed, and appropriations have been made to the extent of the authorization of 1896. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, is in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 489, Sixty-second Congress, second session (with map). It provides for enlarging the deep-water anchorage opposite the eastern end of the city, for excavating rock and other material so as to give a chan- nel 14 feet deep at mean low tide between Grand Trunk and Tukeys bridges at the entrance to Back Cove, for restoring the channel in Back Cove to 12 feet at mean low tide, for redredging a portion of the channel of approach to Back Cove, and to restore the 30-foot depth over the most important part of the main harbor. The esti- mated cost is $460,000, with about $2,000 annually for maintenance. The act of July 25, 1912, appropriated $100,000 for commencing work under this project. The project has not been medified. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Breakwater ........................... House... 401 Twenty-third. First................. Do............... .................................. ......... .......... 1866 .. Harbor ................................. ...... . ......... .............. .......... 1868 .. Do.'............................... ........ .... ....................... 1880 336 Back Cove ' ...................... ......... ......................... 1886 541 Harbor ........................ ....... .. ........ ....... .... ............... ............ 1887 450 Back Cove.................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... .......................................... . . . . 1888 388 South side z. House... 102 Fifty-second.. Second.... 1893 735 Harbor ...... ........................................................ 1901 1008 Witch Rock 2 . ........................ 2 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . House... . . . 85 Fifty-sixth.... Second.... 1901 1009 Harbor do.... 445 Fifty-ninth... First.... ............ Between Peaks and Great Diamond Islands 2............................ ... do.... 896 Sixtieth....... do................. Harbor"3..................................do.... 489 Sixty-second.. Second.............. 1Contains maps. 2No maps. ' Basis of project adopted by Congress. The first work under the existing project was to remove the soft material overlying the ledge between Grand Trunk and Tukeys bridges. This was done during November and December, 1912, and January, 1913. The material removed amounted to 3,520 cubic yards. The ledge itself was surveyed and advertised, but the bids were high and were rejected. The restoration of the 30-foot depth in the main harbor and in the approach to Back Cove and the dredging of about one-half the anchorage area have been placed under contract, the work to be commenced at once and to be completed in April, 1915. The total amount expended on the existing project up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, is $7,654.52, all for new work. As above indicated, the only work so far accomplished has been the RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 55 removal of material overlying ledge between Grand Trunk and Tukeys bridges. The commerce for the calendar year 1912 is given as 3,259,949 short tons, more than one-half of which was coal. The value of the com- modities is estimated at $107,981,000. The passenger movement amounted to 1,454,238. It is impracticable to make a definite statement as to the effect of the improvement on freight rates, but a arge trans-Atlantic business has been greatly helped, and the capacity of the harbor has kept pace with the increase in size and draft of vessels used in the coal traffic, with the accompanying saving in cost of transportation. The new appropriation asked for is to be applied to continuing the dredging of the anchorage area and to restoring the depth in Back Cove, the two items not already provided for and necessary to com- pletion of the project. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended ------------------------------- $7, 092. 84 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912 ------------------------------- --- 100, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 4, 1913------------------------------------------------------- 150, 000.00 25Z, 092. 84 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement , 712. 61 7--------------------------- July 1., 1913, balance unexpended ------------------------------ 249, 380. 23 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ----------------------------- 174. 72 July 1, 1913, balance available------------------------_ 249, 205. 51 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 149, 862. 80 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _ 1------------------------- 210, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, for works of improvement-------------------------- 150, 000.00 (See Appendix A 17.) 18. Saco River, Me.-Saco River rises in the White Mountain re- gion of New Hampshire and, flowing in a general southeasterly di- rection, about 105 miles, discharges into the Atlantic about 16 miles southwest of Portland Harbor, Me. The portion of the stream under improvement is that from the towns of Saco and Biddeford, at head of navigation, to the mouth, a distance of about 5 miles. In its original condition Saco River had a very winding course, with abrupt bends and narrows, which, with its sunken rocks and ledges, presented many difficulties of navigation. The depth on the bar was only 2 feet at mean low water. About one-third of a mile outside the bar the water deepens to 30 feet. The original projects appear to have been- (1) From 1824 to 1827, for the erection of piers, placing beacons and buoys, and removing obstructions near the entrance to the harbor. Under this project 12 piers of timber and stone were built, 10 in the river to mark sunken rocks and to facilitate navigation by sailing vessels, and 2 outside the mouth designed, but without success, to create a channel through the bar. The construction and maintenance of these works cost, 1824-1827, $12,000. 1 Exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. 56 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. (2) Adopted by the act of June 23, 1866, to construct a breakwater 2,915 feet long connecting the two outside piers, and to repair the river piers and improve the channel. Under this project, completed in 1874, the channel in the river and through the bar was improved, and a breakwater built on the north side of the channel 4,200 feet long and 10 feet high above mean low water, at an expense of $162,271.75. The next project was the cbnsolidation by the act of September 19, 1890, of a project adopted in 1.884 for repairing the breakwater, extending it 2,200 feet to Sharps ledge, building a stone jetty on the south side of the channel, and dredging between the breakwater and jetty, at an estimated cost of $356,500; and a project adopted in 1886 for improving the river to Saco, 5 miles above the mouth, to the depth of 6 feet at mean low tide, estimated to cost $50,000, amounting in all to $406,500. About 43 per cent of this project has been com- pleted, practically all except the extension of the breakwater to Sharps ledge. The amount expended for work under the consolidated project was $172,408.37, and $346,680.12 prior to operations under existing project. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopted a new project which supersedes all others and is in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 752, Sixty-first Congress, second session. It provides for a channel depth of 7 feet at mean low tide from the head of navigation to the sea, and for the extension of the south jetty across the bar at the mouth, at an estimated cost of $55,000. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Breakwaterl.......... 1 .......... .........Se . orty-eighth.l. First.. ... 1884 484 Mouth to Saco ............................. House... 37 Forty-ninth.... do...... 1886 552 Do.' ............................. ................. ........ ........ 1887 458 Do.12.............................. House.. 752 Sixty-first.... Second............... 2 1 Contains maps. Basis of project adopted by Congress. The existing project has not been modified since its adoption. The work includes dredging, a small quantity of ledge excavation, repair of jetties, and the extension of the jetty on the south side of the mouth of the river. During the fiscal year 1913 the breakwater or jetty work was com- pleted and a beacon was built on the outer end of the jetty on the south side of the mouth of the river. The dredging within the river, which was in progress at the close of the fiscal year 1912, was com- pleted, and a narrow cut was made through the bar at the mouth of the river with a view to guiding and expediting current erosion. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 57 The total amount expended on the present project up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, is $41,095.90, of which the sum of $1,071.55 is regarded as for maintenance, being for repair of beacons on jetties built under a former project. About 90 per cent of the project has been completed, or all the work except the ledge excavation and what dredging may be needed on the bar. The ledge excavation is now under contract. The mean tidal range is 8.8 feet. * The head of navigation is at Saco.and Biddeford, on opposite sides of the river, to which towns, about 5 miles above the bar, the river is navigable in fact. The stream above is devoted to water-power de- velopment and a small amount of lumbering. The commerce for the calendar year 1912 amounted to 51,867 short tons, nearly all coal, with an estimated value of $300,000. The improvement is expected to bring about some reduction in freight rates through the use of larger vessels and their loading to full instead of partial cargoes. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended------------------------------- $34, 244. 29 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement-------------------------------------------------15, 248. 56 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ------------------------------- 8, 995. 73 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 95. 83 July 1, 1913, balance available ---------------------------------- 18, 899. 90 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------ 3, 772. 55 (See Appendix A 18.) 19. Harbor at Isles of Shoals, Me. and N. H.-Isles of Shoals lie in the open sea about 6 miles southeast of Portsmouth Harbor, N. H. The most protected anchorage at Isles of Shoals, known as Gos- port Harbor, lies between Star Island on the south and southwest, Cedar Island on the southeast, and Smuttynose Island on the north and northeast. At mean low water its anchorage of about 32 acres had a depth of 18 to 48 feet and none of its entrances less than 24 feet. The mean tidal range is 8.7 feet. The original project of March 3, 1821, appears to have been to rebuild the small breakwater on the north side of Haleys Cove, pro- jecting westerly from Smuttynose Island, and to build a breakwater or wall extending from Smuttynose Island to Cedar Island, directly protecting Gosport Harbor from easterly storms. The amount ex- pended was $13,251.61. The next project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, and provided for the construction of a breakwater on the base of the breakwater built under the project of 1821, between Smuttynose and Cedar Islands, the upper part of which had been demolished to the level of 1 feet above mean low tide. The estimate of cost was $30,000, and with the expenditure of $28,201.60 the break- water was completed. The top was 15 feet above mean low tide. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopted a new project in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 1122, Sixtieth Congress, second session, which provides for construction of a break- water from Cedar Island to Star Island, giving protection from the 58 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. south and southeast. The estimated cost is $40,000, all of which was provided by the act of 1910. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of * Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Breakwater 1.............................. House... (Pt. 2) }Forty-third... Second.... 1875 421 Do 2............................... do.... 255 Fifty-sixth.... First...... 1900 1172 Do.2 8$..............................do .... 1122 Sixtieth...... Second.......... ........ SNo maps. 2Contains maps. 3 Basis at project adopted by Congress. The existing project has not been modified since its adoption. The breakwater construction, which was in progress at the close of the fiscal year 1912, was continued throughout 1913, and the work is now practically completed. The total expenditures under the existing project amount to $33,183.82, all for new work. The local commerce is inconsiderable. For the calendar year 1912 it is given as 16,650 short tons, nearly all of which was stone. The harbor is of value as a refuge in the open sea 6 miles off the coast. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended -------------------------------- $37, 697. 93 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement --------------------------------------------------- 30, 881. 75 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended , 816.18 6-------------------------- July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities------------------------------- 3, 323. 35 July 1, 1913, balance available-- --------------------------------- 3, 492. 83 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------- 1, 005. 13 (See Appendix A 19.) 20. Pepperells Cove.-Pepperells Cove is on the easterly or Maine side of Portsmouth Harbor and about 1 mile within the entrance. It has never before been under improvement by the United States. The depth varied from 1 to 11 feet at mean low tide, and at the entrance there was a ledge with a depth of only about 5.5 feet. These conditions made the cove of restricted value to vessels. Portsmouth Harbor has a depth of about 42 feet at the mouth, with greater depth inside. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, is in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 1081, Sixtieth Congress, second session, and provides for dredging an area of about 41 acres to a depth of 12 feet at mean low tide and for removal of the ledge to a depth of 121 feet. The work was estimated to cost $158,400. For reports on examinations and surveys see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1891, page 614 (H. Doc. No. 62, 51st Cong., 2d sess.), and House Document No. 1081, Sixtieth Congress, second session. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 59 The dredging, which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year, was completed in January, 1913. This gave the full depth of 12 feet at mean low tide over the greater part of the area, and leaves the ledge at the entrance, and a considerable quantity of other ledge encountered during dredging, to be taken out in completion of the. project, which is about 60 per cent accomplished. The total expenditures have been $81,212.34, all for new work. The mean tidal range is 8.7 feet. . Pepperells Cove itself has no congmerce worthy of consideration as such. The purpose of the improvement is to increase the anchorage area for craft entering Portsmouth Harbor, and it is in connection with the latter that the project assumes importance. The improve- ment is not expected to directly affect freight rates, but to provide an anchorage and harbor for small vessels. The commerce of Portsmouth Harbor for the calendar year 1912 is reported as 441,700 short tons, practically all coal. The estimated value of the commodities is $1,440,000. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended_ ------------------ $46, 387. 39 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913- 63, 400.00 109, 787. 39 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- . provement--------------------------------------------- 32, 599. 73 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 77, 187.66 (See Appendix A 20.) 91. Cocheco River, N. H.-This is a small stream in the south- eastern part of New Hampshire. After flowing about 30 miles in a southeasterly direction it discharges into Piscataqua River about 9 miles above Portsmouth, N. H. The section which has been under improvement is that from Dover, at the head of navigation, a dis- tance of about 3 miles. Appropriations amounting to $10,060, made from 1829 to 1837, inclusive, had been applied to the reduction of obstructions in the natural channel prior to the systematic improvement of this river, begun in 1870, when it was found to have a good channel not less than 6 feet deep at mean low water from its confluence with the Piscataqua River to the Lower Narrows, about 1 miles below the lowest bridge at Dover. Above the Lower Narrows the channel was obstructed by ledges and shoals upon which at mean low water the depth was from 6 inches to 2 feet. The original project for sys- tematic improvement, adopted by the act of March 3, 1871, was to obtain a channel 40 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean low water from the Lower Narrows to the head of navigation at Dover. Under the original and amended projects, completed in 1888, the amount expended prior to operations under the existing project, including the expenditures from 1829 to 1837, was $170,060. The existing project, adopted by the act of September 19, 1890, is to obtain a channel 60 to 75 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water (in rock 50 feet wide and 7 feet deep) from the month of the river to the head of navigation, at an estimated cost of $175,000. By the act of June 13, 1902, this project was extended to include the restoration of the channel in the Lamprey River, which, from 1881 to 60 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. 1883, under specific appropriations, had been dredged at mean high water 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep to the Lower Narrows, and 40 feet wide and 11 feet deep to the wharves at Newmarket, N. H. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). * Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of * Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page' Senate. Dover............. ..................... ..... .... . ...... .......... 1871 858 Do.1........................ ..... . ................................ 1885 474 Dover to mouth 2...................... House... 74 Fifty-first..... First...... 1890 475 Do.2 . ................................ do.... 1106 Sixty-first..... Third............. .. 1Contains maps. 2No maps. Except for the addition of the work in Lamprey River the existing project has not been amended since its adoption. There avere no operations during the fiscal year 1913, and no ex- penditures. To June 30, 1913, there has been expended on the existing project for improving Cocheco River $137,000, as follows: Cocheco River, for improvement, $119,089.93; for maintenance, $9,642.54; for Lam- prey River, for maintenance, $8,267.53. As a result the channel in Cocheco River has been completed except over a small portion about 3,500 feet below Dover, where some additional ledge excavation may be necessary, the basin at Dover and the channel near the mouth, where shoaling had occurred, have been redredged, and the channel in Lamprey River has been restored to the full authorized dimensions. The maximum draft that can be carried in Cocheco River is about 6 feet at mean low tide, and in Lamprey River 11 feet at high tide. The mean range of tide is 6.8 feet. The head of navigation is at the lowest bridge in Dover, to which point, 3 miles from its confluence with the Piscataqua River and 13 miles from the sea, the Cocheco River is navigable in fact. The commerce for the calendar year 1912 amounted to 12,500 short tons, 'nearly all coal. The most noticeable effect on freight rates has been to cause a re- duction of 33 per cent on rates on bituminous coal from Portsmouth to Dover. Formerly the rate was 60 cents per ton, which has been reduced to 40 cents to meet the water rate. Some shoaling has occurred in the channels, but the small amount of business done on the river does not seem to justify at present any- thing for restoration. As the project for this improvement is prac- tically completed, and no further work contemplated at present, this work will be dropped from future annual reports. July 1. 1912, balance unexpended ----------- ------------ $4. 711 June 30, 1913, amount carried to surplus fund __ ---------------- 4, 711 (See Appendix A 21.) 2. Exeter River, N. H.-Exeter River is a small stream in the southwesterly part of New Hampshire, flows about 20 miles in an RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 61 easterly and northerly direction, and discharges into Great Bay. The portion which has been improved is from the mouth to Exeter, at the head of navigation, a distance of about 8.3 miles. In its original condition at mean high water Exeter River was navigable from its mouth, in Great Bay, 7.8 miles, to Fernald's wharf in Exeter for vessels drawing 10 feet; thence to the upper wharves at Exeter, 0.5 mile, the depth was 5 feet. The original project, adopted by th! act of June 14, 1880, was to obtain a channel 40 feet wide from the mouth, 8.3 miles to the upper wharves at Exeter, 12 feet deep at high water, 5.6 miles to Oxbow, and 10 feet deep from Oxbow to Exeter. Under this project the amount expended was $35,000, with which the original project was completed. A second project, adopted by the act of March 3, 1899, was to ob- tain a channel 40 feet wide at mean high water, 12 feet deep to Ox- bow, and 11 feet from Oxbow to Exeter, with a turning basin 200 by 110 feet at Exeter. This work was accomplished at a cost of $18,254.42. The present project, adopted by the river and harbor act of Feb- ruary 27, 1911, is in accordance with plan printed in House Docu- ment No. 1090, Sixty-first Congress, third session, and provides for a restoration of the channel depths made under the project of 1899, with a slight straightening of the channel at Stratham Bridge. The estimated cost is $9,200. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Below Exeter 1......... ............ House.. (Pt. 2) Forty-third.. Second.... 1875 427 Mouth to 2-3 Exeter 1.......................do... 41 Fifty-fifth. . First..... 1897 818 Do. ............................ .. do.... 1090 Sixty-first.... Third... ........ 1 No maps. 2 Contains maps. 3 Basis of project adopted by Congress. There was no work aside from office matters during the fiscal year 1913. The total expenditures under the existing project up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, have been $9,200. The project is completed. The mean tidal range is 6 feet. The commerce for the calendar year 1912 amounted to 9,928 short tons, all coal. As the project for this improvement is completed, the funds ap- propriated therefor exhausted, and no further work contemplated at present, this work will be dropped from future annual reports. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended-_------------ -------------------- $105. 89 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement---------------------------------------------------- 105. 89 (See Appendix A 22.) 62 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. 23. Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation-Pile driver, York River, Me.-March 26, 1913, an old pile driver which had been for some time moored in York River, Me., went adrift and sank in the channel near the draw opening of the lower bridge, in such position as to endanger and obstruct navigation. An allotment of $250 was made May 17, 1913. The wreck was raised and removed May 29, 1913. The total cost was $250. (See Appendix A 23.) EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RIVER AND HARIOR ACT APPROVED JUNE 25, 1910. Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district officer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination of Camden Harbor, Me., with a view to the construction of a breakwater from the mainland to Negro Island.-Report dated August 31, 1911, is printed in House Docu- ment No. 1093, Sixty-second Congress, third session. The improve- ment of this locality in the manner specified in the act is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Bass Harbor Bar and Deer Island Thoroughfare, Me.-Reports dated August 28, 1911, September 13, and November 1, 1912, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 1128, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Plans of improvement, at estimated costs of $10,000 and $40,000, respectively, are presented. The local officer was also charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, of New Meadows River, Me., and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JULY 25, 1912. Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, of the following locali- ties within this district were duly submitted by the district officer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Har- bors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminaryexamination of Wessaweskeag River, South Thom- aston, Me.-Report dated November 30, 1912, is printed in House Document No. 1370, Sixty-second Congress, third session. The im- provement by the United States of this locality in the manner ap- parently desired is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Wills Strait between Orrs and Bailey Islands, Casco Bay, Me.-Reports dated November 1, 1912, and January 22, 1913, with map, are printed in House Document No. 1416, Sixty-second Congress, third session. A plan of improve- ment, at an estimated cost of $16,500, is presented, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 63 The local officer was also charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey of harbor at Criehaven, Me., pro- vided for by the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. This district was in the charge of Cole Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, until June 13, 1913, and.in the charge of Col. John Millis, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineers, Col. W. M. Black, Corps of Engineers, until June 13, 1913, and Col. Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 1. Newburyport Harbor, Mass.-The water front of Newburyport is on the Merrimac River, about 2 miles above the mouth and about 58 miles by water north of Boston. The river at this point is about one-fourth of a mile wide. Prior to specific appropriations for Newburyport Harbor funds applicable to Merrimac River, of which it is the estuary, were de- voted to removing a sand bar and constructing a breakwater at the river's mouth, 1828 to 1836, and to removing obstructing ledges, piers, and wrecks, 1870 to 1880. In its original condition the outlet of the Merrimac River, which between Plum Island and Salisbury Point was 1,000 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water, was ob- structed by a sand bar, nearly a mile outside, through which, in 1880, a narrow channel about 7 feet deep at mean low water was maintained by the current of the river. The original project adopted by the act of June 14, 1880, which is the existing project, is published (with map) in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1881, page 502, and is to create at the outer bar a permanent channel 1,000 feet wide, and at least 17 feet deep at mean low water by constructing two converging jetties, projecting one from the north shore 2,910 feet, the other from the south shore 1,500 feet (reduced in 1883, in changing its direction, to 1,320 feet), their outer ends 1,000 feet apart, which, with the protec- tion of the beach in their vicinity, was estimated in 1881 to cost $365,000. The direction of jetties and shore protection was modified in 1883, and in 1882 the partial closing of Plum Island Basin with a timber dike about 800 feet long and 5 feet above mean low water was added to the project, increasing the cost (as estimated in 1884) to $375,000. In 1884 a modification of the project provided for extend- ing both jetties 610 feet parallel to the axis of the channel, and in 1886 for increasing the extension to 1,000 feet, increasing the cost of the work, as estimated in 1897, to $599,547.49. The modification of 1884 changed the direction of both the north and south jetties from straight jetties ending in circular mounds to bent jetties. In each jetty the change of direction was made on a gradual curve, the jetties converging until their center lines were 1,000 feet apart, and then extending parallel for a distance of 1,000 feet (as expressed in 1886). The 1,000-foot parallel extension of the -jetties being thus estimated from a point where convergence ceases instead of from the center of the mounds at the outer ends of the jetties as formerly proposed, the total lengths of the jetties as now projected are respectively 4,118 feet for the north jetty and 2,445 feet for the south jetty. 64 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, authorized dredging to be included as a part of the existing project. The existing project, as modified from time to time, is to create a permanent channel through the outer bar 1,000 feet wide and at least 17 feet deep at mean low water by constructing two jetties, project- ing one from the north shore and the other from the south shore, con- verging until 1,000 feet apart, and then extending seaward parallel to the axis of the channel fora distance of 1,000 feet; total length of north jetty, 4,118 feet; of south petty, 2,445 feet; and the partial clos- ing of Plum Island Basin by a timber dike. Dredging through the bar, if found advisable, is also included in the project. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. * Entrance to Newburyport Harbor, adopted plan ofjetties, 1880 .......... -"- -- - - - 1881 181 ( t504-511 502, Partial closing of Plum Island Basin ..... ....... ..... 1884 47 Modifications in jetties and shore protec- 1 tion, 1883 and 18841 .---- Parallel extension of jetties, 1886; with in- ..........---- . .. 18..4.... 2 1883 .18842 18863 437 494 558 creased estimate 1897 1 --.--.-...-- --............... 1897 825 Surveys of bar and entrance: 1885........................................... ..... .. ............ 1885 22 495 :1886. ............................... .............. ................ 1886 559 1887............................................ ........ .. . ........ 1887 2 491 1888.......... ............. ............................ ......... ............. 18882 434 1889........... ....... ........ ...... ...... .. . ... ... -.... ... ............ 18892 555 1890................................... ...... .. .................... ........... 1890 2 483 1891............................................ .. .. .... .......................... 1891 2 627 1892............................... ............... ............ .............. 1892 2 553 1893.............................. . ... ...... .... .... . ... .... 1893 741 1894................... ............................................ 1894 2 531 1895................. ....... .. .. .... .... ... .......... ........ 1895 2 599 1897............. ............ . ........ ....... . ........ .......... 18972 825 1899... .... .... .. ..................................... ... ... . .... 1899 1059 ....... 1901 ...................... ....... ............ .........- 19012 1043 1905............................................... .............. 1905 2 802 1906, with estimate for removing ob- House.. 2 339 Fifty-ninth... Second........... structions at mouth. 1910.................................. 1910 3 1099 1 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress June 14, 1880, and its modifications. 2 Contains maps. 3 No maps. The total expenditure during the fiscal year was $131.30 (all for improvement), applied to making a survey of the bar and entrance channel in the preceding year and to inspection expenses. Specifica- tions have been prepared for completing the north jetty to its full projected cross section. To June 30, 1913, the amount expended on this project was $440,820.18, of which $10,389.68 was for maintenance. In addition, $500 was expended in 1901 for removal of North Rock under au- thority of act of March 3, 1899. By way of refundment, $795.31 has been recovered from a failing contractor. The project is about 85 per cent completed. The north jetty has been completed to its full cross section for a length of 2,868 feet, and the south jetty has been completed except for a distance of 30 feet at its outer end. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 65 Both jetties, so far as completed, are 15 feet wide on top, which is in a plane 12 feet above mean low water, and have slopes of 1 on 2 on the seaward face and 1 on 1 on the shoreward face. On the north jetty a core 12 feet above mean low water, with a width of 5 feet on top, has been built for a farther distance o 1,250 feet to its outer end. Plum Island Basin has been closed with a timber dike 817 feet long, 5J feet high above mean low water, except near the middle, where a weir 150 feet long and 2 feet above mean low water was left tem- porarily, and two sand catchers, respectively 480 and 572 feet in length, have been built in rear of the south jetty. Surveys of the bar and entrance channel in August-September, 1911, and in June, 1912, show that marked changes were taking place at the inner shoal, the narrow part of the channel being widened so as to afford more room between the shore and the north jetty. A general straightening out of the channel at this part has taken place; the outer bar showed no very marked changes. June 30, 1913, the deepest draft that can cross the bar at the mouth of the river at mean low water under favorable conditions is 9 feet, but the usual draft is 7 feet, and this draft can be carried to the wharves at Newburyport, alongside some of which there is a depth of 12 to 15 feet at low water. " The tidal range at the bar is 7.7 feet and at Newburyport 7.6 feet. The commerce of the harbor, chiefly coal, amounted in 1911 to 217,301 short tons, and in 1912 to 148,047 short tons, valued at $671,056.80. Of the latter amount 86,651 tons were reshipped to points on the Merrimac and Powow Rivers. It is reported that the improvement made has reduced freight rates 25 cents per ton, and that if the projected depth of 17 feet at mean low water be obtained over the outer bar it would still further reduce the freight rates 15 to 25 cents per ton. During the next fiscal year it is expected to complete the north jetty to its full projected cross section. No further funds are required until there has been opportunity to observe the effect of this work. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended---------------------------- $8, 106. 43 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913 ---------------------------- 25, 000. 00 33, 106. 43 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement --------------------------------------------- 131.30 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended---------------------------- 32, 975. 13 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__------------------------------- 1136, 141. 86 (See Appendix B 1.) 2. Merrimac River, Mass.-The Merrimac River is formed by the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnepesaukee Rivers at Frank- lin, N. H. It flows southerly through the State of New Hampshire, enters the State of Massachusetts above Lowell, whence it flows in an easterly direction, and discharges into the Atlantic Ocean below Newburyport, Mass., about 55 miles by water north of Boston. Its 1 Exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913, 1482--ENG 191$- 66 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. total length is about 110 miles. Only that section of the river be- tween Newburyport (about 22 miles above the mouth) and Haverhill, Mass., covering a distance of 162 miles, is included in the project. In its original condition the river had a practicable channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from its mouth 9 miles to South Amesbury, but besides being narrow and crooked the channel was obstructed by ledges, bowlders, and shoals. The original projects appear to have been- (1) For improving the bar at the mouth of the river, by erection of piers or other works, adopted by act of May 23, 1828; subsequently improved under separate project for " Improving harbor at New- buryport, Mass." (2) For the improvement of the river above the mouth, by the removal of the remains of a dam at the upper falls and of a rock at the lower falls, of Gangway rock in Newburyport Harbor, and a wreck near the mouth of the river. Upon the original and modified projects, prior to operations under the existing project, there was expended: Upon the project of 1828, $67,466.72, and upon the project of 1870, as extended by the acts of June 23, 1874, and June 3, 1896, which appropriated $5,000 for re- moval' of " certain rocks below Rocks Bridge," $187,000; total, $254,4t6.72. The existing project, adopted by the act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 52, 55th Cong., 1st sess., no map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1897, p. 865), is to obtain a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide, from Newburyport, 162 miles, to Haverhill, at an estimated cost of $171,442.70. No modification has been made in this project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Near mouth of river, and thence to above Haverhill: 1 2 1869........................ House... Ex. 25 Forty-first.... Second.... 18691 421 1872.............. ...... ... ................ .... ....... ...... 18732 1112 1874......... .................................................................... 18762 165 1896................. . . ............ .. .... .. .. ... ................... 1896 590 Newburyport to Haverhill, 1897 8..... House... 2 52 Fifty-fifth..... First.... 18972 865 Newburyport bar to Haverhill, 1894-95. ... do.... 4 168 Fifty-fourth... ... do...... 1896 2 616 Hazeltine Rapids to Lawrence, 1871_............. .......... ........................... 18722 961 Lawrence, Mass., to Manchester, N. H., ........................................... 1881. 1882 2 532 Lowell to old New Hampshire State House... 4242 Fifty-fifth..... Second.... 18982 884 line, 1897. Newburyport to Haverhill, 9-foot chan- ... do... 2 311 Fifty-eighth... .do...... 1904 s 872 nel, 1903. Newburyort to Haverhill, 12-foot ... do.... a 339 Fifty-ninth... ... do... ....... channel, 1906. Removing obstructions at mouth,1906. ... do.... 4 339 ..... do...... ... do ................... Mouth of river to Haverhill, 14-lfoot ... do.... 4 2 Sixty-first..... First... channel, 1908. Haverhill to Lowell, 1910.................do.... 29 Sixty-second.. do................ 1 Basis of project of 1870 as extended 1874 and 1896. SNo maps. '4 Basis of existing project, adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1899. Contains maps. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 67 No work was done during the fiscal year. Proposals were opened on June 14, 1913, for redredging the channel from the lower end of Curriers Shoal to just below Rocks Bridge. The expenditure of $34.75, all for maintenance, was for printing specifications. Outstanding liabilities, $25. The amount expended on the existing project to June 30, 1913, was $138,534.85, of which $23,110.08 was applied to maintenance of im- provement. From sales, $2.08 has been derived. The channel was completed to tha full projected depth and width in December, 1907, since which time is has been maintained by re- dredging and removal of bowlders. The width of 150 feet and depth of 7 feet at rhean low water are available throughout the entire length of river embraced in the project, except in the stretch from the lower end of Curriers Shoal to just below Rocks Bridge, where the width of channel is restricted to 110 feet by shoals and bowlders, over which the minimum depth is 5 feet. The mean range of tide is, at the mouth of the river, 7.7 feet, and at Haverhill Bridge 4.6 feet, at low-water stage of the river. The head of navigation is at the hat factory, one-half mile above the railroad bridge at Haverhill, to which point the stream is navi- gable in fact, about 20 miles above its mouth in Newburyport Harbor. The commerce of the river is chiefly in coal distributed to the cities and towns along its banks, and amounted in 1911 to 108,686 short tons and in 1912 to 86,651 short tons, valued at $438,706.65. The improvement of the channel is reported to enable the delivery of coal by water at rates 35 to 50 cents per ton less than by rail. It is expected that the work covered by the proposals recently opened will complete the restoration of the 7-foot channel. - No esti- mate of additional funds is therefore submitted. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended-------------- -------------- $1, 501. 98 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913_- 10, 000.00 11, 501. 98 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance of improvement----------------------------------------------- 34. 75 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended---------------------------- 11, 467. 23 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities-------------------------------- 25.00 July 1, 1913, balance available----- ------------------------- 11, 442. 23 (See Appendix B 2.) 3. Harbor of refuge, Sandy Bay; Cape Ann, Mass.-Situated at the northeastern extremity of Cape Ann, about 13 miles by water northeast of Gloucester Harbor. In its original condition this bay, whose southerly shore extends about 2 miles westerly from the point of Straitsmouth Island and thence about 2 miles northerly to Andrews Point, had a good hold- ing ground of sand mixed with mud and a depth of 7J to 15 fathoms at mean low water, but was fully exposed to easterly, northeasterly, and northerly gales. The original project, adopted by the act of July 5, 1884 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 74, 48th Cong., 1st sess., with map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1884, p. 565), was to build a breakwater con- sisting of a mound of rubblestone to the grade of 22 feet below mean low water, 40 feet wide on top, to be surmounted by a masonry wall, 68 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. and to extend from Averys ledge a little west of north 3,600 feet to Abners ledge, thence 5,400 feet northwesterly in the direction of Andrews Point, covering an anchorage of about 1,377 acres. This project (so far as length and general location of the break- water are concerned) is the existing project, but the locality is so exposed to extreme storm conditions that as work progressed it was found necessary to increase the width of base and to modify the character of the originally projected masonry wall forming the superstructure. These changes, were made successively, under au- thority of the War Department, and were reported to Congress in the annual reports. A special board submitted a report on February 13, 1900 (published in H. Doc. No. 453, 56th Cong., 1st sess., with map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1900, p. 1184), which discusses fully all experience up to that date, proposed a new cross section, and submits a revised estimate for the project amount- ing to $6,904,952.25. The winter storms of 1908-9 proved even that cross section to be insufficient, and a new modification was made in that year. This has resisted successfully one of the heaviest storms (in November, 1909) occurring in the past 20 years on the New Eng- land coast, and a length of 800 feet of this cross section will be com- pleted with funds so far provided by Congress. It now seems wise to await the test of this latest cross section by storms, ice, and the ex- pansion due to summer heat before doing any additional actual con- struction. No additional funds are therefore asked at this time. A less length than 800 feet might not have developed the full force of waves with crests approximately parallel to the face of the break- water which would break simultaneously against the whole length of such a superstructure. The cross section adopted by the board and the latest cross section are shown as sections D and C, respectively, on sheet 2 of the drawings accompanying the report of the district engineer for 1911 (Appendix B 4). References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Survey of Sandy Bay, with view to Senate.. s Ex. 74 Forty-eighth.. First...... 1884 8 565 construction of harbor of refuge, 1882- 83.1 Consideration of proper location for House... s Ex. 56 ..... do........ Second.... 1885 522 national harbor of refuge, 1884. Proposed breakwater, 1883.................................................. 18862 582 Progress made on construction of Senate nate. *"Ex. 147 Forty-ninth..First......... ....... breakwater and as to expediency of completing, 1886. Survey of portion of substructure.................... ................ ........... 1887 2 499 Report of board upon plans for sub- .............................. 1892 560 structure and superstructure, 1892. New cross section, details of constru- ouse.. 453Fity-sixth irst. 1900 3 1184 tion, and revised estimate of cost, nae . 184. ..................... 1900. senate. 184 ..... do Condition of breakwater June 30, 1902. ............ ................ ............ 19022 854 Feasibility and advisabiity of con- ...................................... 1903 s 742 tinuing to completion the adopted project, 1902. ' Basis of original project, adopted by Congress July 5, 1884. s Contains maps. *No maps RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 69 During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, three sections of super- structure, measuring a total of 77.4 linear feet, of the new type of cross section was built on the southern arm. Expenditure, $20,692.02, all for improvement. Outstanding liabilities, $10,159.57. The amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1913, was $1,767,174.15, all for improvement. From sale of property $1 has been derived. With this expenditure 2,069,207 tons of rubble- stone has been placed in the substructure*of the western and southern arms, and 19,689 tons of dimension-stone and 17,273 tons of rubble- stone in the superstructure of the western and southern arms. The existing status of the structure is shown in detail on the draw- ing accompanying this report. (See Appendix 1~ 3.) For descrip- tion of the various types of cross section, see sheets 2 and 3 of the drawings accompanying the report of the Chief of Engineers for 1911 (pp. 1168-2 and 1168-3, Appendix B 4). The depth of water is ample for the largest vessels; the mean range of tide is 8.6 feet. The improvement is chiefly of value in providing refuge for coast- wise vessels, especially towed barges, which are frequently and sud- denly in urgent need of shelter in fog and snowstorms. The work already done has resulted in the creation of a serious menace to navigation until the submerged substructure is protected and made visible by a suitable superstructure. Under these condi- tions the district officer is of the opinion that the locality is worthy of improvement to the extent of completing the superstructure for the full length of the present substructure at least. When this has been accomplished the advisability of completing the structure to its full projected length can be taken up with more satisfactory data on which to base recommendations. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended --------------------------- $203, 518. 87 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement---- --------------------------------------- 20, 692. 02 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended -- _----- __--------- 182, 826. 85 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities---------------------------10, 159. 57 July 1, 1913, balance available---------------------------- 172, 667. 28 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 155, 080. 73 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------- 4, 954, 952. 25 (See Appendix B 3.) 4. Harbor at Gloucester, Mass.-Situated at the southern extremity of Cape Ann, distant about 30 miles northeast by water from Boston Harbor. The outer harbor has an area behind the breakwater of approximately 350 acres at the 18-foot contour, and the inner harbor about 80 acres at the 12-foot contour. In its original condition this harbor, which had a depth sufficient for the largest ships, contained several very dangerous submerged rocks and was entirely without protection against the sea and against heavy swells from the south. 1 Exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. 70 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The original project, adopted by the act of June 10, 1872, appears to have been for removal of five rocks, at an estimated cost of $10,606.20. Under the original and modified projects the rocks were removed, Harbor Cove was dredged to the depth of 10 feet at mean low water, and the water front for a distance of 3,900 feet northeast from Fort Point was dredged to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water from the 15-foot contour to the wharf front, upon which there was expended prior to operations under the existing project approximately $86,000. The project adopted by the act of August 18, 1894, provided for the construction of a breakwater from Eastern Point, over Dog Bar, to Round Rock Shoal at an estimated cost of $752,000 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 56, 48th Cong., 2d sess., no map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1885, p. 534); and the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the termination of the breakwater at Cat Ledge and the application of any remaining balance "toward the work of removing Round Rock," at a reduced estimate of $416,083.43. Under that authority the break- water was completed in 1905 as far as Cat Ledge. Upon a subsequent examination of Round Rock Shoal it was found that the cost of re- moving it to the level of the surrounding bottom, exceeding $800,000, was disprop.ortionate to the probable benefits to navigation. The project has been reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, which recommends return to the original project of 1894 for a breakwater from Eastern Point to Round Rock Shoal, and its views are concurred in. The total cost of this extension is estimated at $354,000. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided for the re- moval of eight groups of obstructing ledges or bowlders in the inner and outer harbors at a total estimated cost of $51,000. (H. Doc. No. 1112, 60th Cong., 2d sess., with map.) The project of August 18, 1894 as modified, provides for the con- struction of a breakwater from Eastern Point to Cat Ledge (com- pleted in 1905) and the application of any remaining balance " toward the work of removing Round Rock," but the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors has recommended return to the original project, i. e., for a breakwater from Eastern Point to Round Rock Shoal, and its views are concurred in, but no congressional action has been taken on this recommendation. No modification has been made in the project of June 25, 1910 (for removal of eight groups of ledges). RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 71 References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Jongress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Upper harbor, 1870, removal of rocks 1............... ... ............... ..... _ 1871 869 Removal of rock obstructions, 18841.. House... 2 Ex. 169 Forty-eighth.. Second.... 18852 540 Modifications, 1886, removing rock, .f18872 500 and dredging; additional rocks,1897.1 -------...--.--.- 118972 -..--..--... 835 Dog Bar and Round Rock Shoal (with ......... ............................ 18712 869 view to construction of breakwater), 1870.4 For breakwater at entrance of harbor, House... 2 Ex. 56 Forty-eighth.. Second.... 1885 2 . 534 1884.4 Breakwater as recommended 4 in proj- ...... ............................... 1887 500 ect (1884, 1886). Breakwater (adoption and commence- ......... ............................ 1895 610 ment of work, 1894).4 Revised project for construction of ....................... .... ............. 18982 857 breakwater 1897.4 Terminating breakwater at Cat Ledge ................ .................... 1902 89 and application remaining funds to removal Round Rock, act June 13, 1902.4 Removal of ledges, 1907-8 ............ House... 31112 Second... Sixtieth....... ... Five Pound Island to head of river, .... do..... 2 Ex. 70 Fifty-second_.....do...... 1893 2 787 1892. Vincent Cove, 1892..................do.. 2 Ex. 56 ..... do.........do.. 18932 789 Harbor Cove, 1912......................do 21357 Sixty-second Third................. 1Basis of original project and modifications. 2No maps. 8Contains maps. 4 Basis of project for breakwater adopted by Congress Aug. 18, 1894. 6Basis of project for rock removal adopted by Congress June 25, 1910. During the fiscal year 1,194 tons of stone were deposited in comple- tion of the work of providing additional protection along the sea face of the breakwater, at an expenditure of $5,393.92; and $1,304.02 was expended for resetting 85 capstones and for drilling holes and setting pins behind 514 capstones. All work was for maintenance. Work was continued during the fiscal year under the contract for removal of the eight ledges embraced in the project for ledge re- moval. One ledge (A) containing 1 cubic yard was removed and drilling and removal of blasted material from ledges B, C, E, F, H, and I were in progress, but the projected depths over them were not obtained. Progress during the year, 61 per cent. Expenditure, $772.77, all for improvement. Outstanding liabilities, $50.89. The amount expended under the project of August 18, 1894, to June 30, 1913, was $427,783, of which $16,004.16 was for mainte- nance-resetting and pinning capstones, protecting sea face of break- water with apron of rubblestone, etc. To June 30, 1913, the amount expended under the project of June 25, 1910 (for ledge removal), is $3,799.18, all for improvement. The breakwater was completed to Cat Ledge in 1905 by the placing of 231,756 tons of stone. Since then, in 1911 to 1913, 17,538 tons have been placed in providing additional protection along the sea face. To prevent movement of the capstones in the breakwater an iron pin has been set behind each one. 72 REPORT OF THE CH*IEF OF ENGINEERS, t. S. ARMY. The breakwater consists of a mound of rubblestone 31 feet wide at the top at mean low water, surmounted by a superstructure extend- ing 17 feet above the grade of mean low water, formed by two dry walls of heavy split stone, inclosing a core of rubblestone, capped by heavy stones, forming a top course 10 feet in width, the slopes of the rubble structure being on the harbor side 1 on 1.3, on the sea- ward side 1 on 3 to grade 12 below mean low water, and 1 on 1.5 thence to the bottom. At the outer end a rubble mound for a site for a lighthouse has been built. The project of cent completed. June 25, 1910, for ledge removal is about 71 per Ledges A, B, C, E, F, H, and I (covering a total area of about 12,200 square feet) have been drilled, blasted, and partially dredged, but the removal of only one ledge (A, containing 1 cubic yard) has been accomplished. No work has been done on ledge G. (For loca- tion of these ledges see H. Doc. 1112, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) Depths at mean low water: The outer harbor has prevailing natu- ral depths of 4 to 6 fathoms and ample anchorage grounds are avail- able. The inner harbor has 20 feet or more, but navigation is prac- tically. limited to vessels whose draft permits them to reach the wharves, alongside which as far as John Pew & Son's wharves there isa depth of 15 feet. In the anchorage under the breakwater there is a depth of 30 feet. Harbor Cove has been dredged to 10 feet by the United States; and deepened by the State of Massachusetts to 15 feet for the entire area 50 feet outside the harbor lines except over ledges where the depth varies from 11 to 14 feet, which ledges are now being removed by the State. The mean range of tide is 8.9 feet. The commerce in 1906 amounted to 275,888 short tons; in 1909 to 218,165 short tons; in 1910 to 214,266 short tons; in 1911 to 223,533 short tons; and in 1912 to 217,753 short tons (valued at over $11,000,- 000), of which latter 143,412 tons were fish and salt. Over 38,000 passengers were carried to and from this port by steamer. Freight rates are probably not affected, as the principal industry is fishing. The breakwater has been completed, and it is expected that the project for ledge removal will be completed with the available funds. No estimate of additional funds is therefore submitted. In 1912 the State of Massachusetts dredged the entire area of Harbor Cove 50 feet outside of the harbor lines to the depth of 15 feet at mean low water, except over ledges. These ledges are now being removed by the State. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended------------------------------$31, 971. 53 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year: For works of improvement __________-___--_ $772. 77 For maintenance of improvement---------------- 6,697.94 7, 470. 71 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended---------------------------- 24,500. 82 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities _____________- --------- - 50. 89 July 1, 1913, balance available-- ..... - - --------- 24, 449. 93 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- -19, 593. 72 (See Appendix B 4.) DIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 73 5. Harbor at Beverly Mass.--A small harbor about one-half mile wide at the western end of Salem Bay and immediately adjacent to Salem Harbor on the south, from which it is separated by Salem Neck. In its original condition this harbor had a practicable channel 18 feet deep at mean low water from Monument Bar beacon about 1 mile to its head, about 600 feet below the highway bridge, sufficient for the commerce of the harbor and o'f its three tributary streams, called, respectively, North River, Essex Branch, and Beverly Creek; but the channel, which is circuitous in its passage through the shoals at the entrance, was found, in 1900, to be " of insufficient width for safe navigation by heavy vessels." The original project, adopted by the act of June 13, 1902, was to widen the channel from Monument Bar beacon to a point about 200 feet east of Rams Horn beacon to a width of 200 feet, with a depth of 18 feet at mean low water, at an estimated cost of $10,000. Upon the original project, prior to operations under the existing project, $8,272.10 was expended, with which the channel was enlarged to the dimensions authorized, except at three points, where the width was restricted by ledges to 106 feet. The existing project, adopted by the act of March 2, 1907 .(H. Doc. No. 916, 59th Cong., 1st sess., with map), is to obtain, by dredging and rock excavation, a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water, not less than 250 feet wide at the bend for a distance of about 3,200 feet from Bar beacon to Lobster Rocks beacon, including the removal of the middle ground, and not less than 200 feet wide from Lobster Rocks beacon to the lower end of the draw pier at the highway bridge, a distance of 2,000 feet, at an estimated cost of $40,000. In addition to $1,727.90 available, $38,500 was appropriated. No modi- fication has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Beverly Harbor: 1889 ............................. House... 1 Ex. 27 Fifty-first..... First...... 1890 2 524 1899 ........... ........ ..... ... do..... 252 + Fifty-sixth..... do...... 19002 1183 1900 ............ ....................... do..... 2129 .....do........ Second... 19012 1065 4 1905-6 .... .... do. 1916 Fifty-ninth.... First................. Salem and Beverly outer harbors, 1910. ... do..... 279 Sixty-second.. .. do................. 1 Contains maps. 2 No maps. 8Basis of project adopted by Congress June 13,1902. 4 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress Mar. 2, 1907. Owing to the inadequacy of the channel at the bend near Rams Horn beacon to accommodate the large coal and oil steamers using this port, with the balance of $13,485 remaining after completion of the project, the width of channel at this point is being increased by 74 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. about 100 feet. Expenditure during the year, $1,094.86, all for im- provement. Outstanding liabilities, $78.50. The amount expended on the existing project to June 30, 1913, was $27,960 (all for improvement, except $15 expended in fiscal year 1911 for making an examination of a shoal complained of by naviga- tion interests, but which was found to be outside the limits of the improved channel). By way of refundment, $122.24 has been received as damages from the surety of a failing contractor under the previous project. All work under the project was originally completed in November, 1909, and the increased width of channel authorized at the bend is about 60 per cent co'mpleted. The maximum draft that can be carried on June 30, 1913, at mean low water over the shoalest part of the locality under improvement is 18 feet, excluding the area now being widened, on which the least depth is about 15 feet. The mean range of tide is 9 feet. The commerce of Beverly Harbor consists chiefly of coal and oil, amounting in 1909 to 196,203 short tons, in 1910 to 204,697 short tons, in 1911 to over 244,000 short tons, and in 1912 to 325,063 short tons (valued at $2,173,365.42), of which 244,425 tons were coal and 71,131 tons oil. The i'mprovement to 18-foot depth has effected a reduction in freight rates of 25 cents per ton on bituminous coal. As the funds available are sufficient for completing the widening of the channel, and as no work in maintenance of the improved chan- nel is necessary, no estimate of additional funds required is sub- mitted. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended----------------------------$13, 485. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provement ------------------------------------- - -- 1, 094. 86 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended--------- 12, 390.14 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities------ --- ----------------- 78. 50 July 1, 1913, balance available-------------------------------12, 311. 64 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts-----------11, 262. 89 (See Appendix B 5.) 6. Harbor at Salem, Mass.-Salem Harbor is about 12 miles to the northward of Boston, Mass. The inner harbor is 1,750 feet wide at the entrance and 5,500 feet long between the 12-foot contours of opposite shores. It embraces about 110 acres of well-sheltered and unobstructed anchorage ground of a greater depth than 18 feet at mean low water. The outer harbor or bay is protected by islands and forms an excellent harbor of refuge. It has an area of about 320 acres not less than 25 feet deep, and about 457 acres not less than 18 feet deep. A channel 1,000 feet wide and 25 feet deep connects it with the open sea. The 18-foot channel through the outer harbor from the sea into the inner harbor is 1,300 feet wide at its narrowest point. The water front of Salem is separated from the anchorage in the inner harbor by extensive shoals. The principal wharves of the city are located on South River, which extend about 3,000 feet from Derby Wharf light to the head of navigation at Lafayette Street Bridge. In its original condition the harbor, from its entrance RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 75 between Winter Island and Naugus Head, had a channel of ample width, 18 to 25 feet deep at mean low water extending to within 2,500 feet of the entrance of South River at Derby Wharf light, where for 1,500 feet the depth was 8 feet, and for the remaining 1,000 feet the depth was 6 feet to Derby Wharf light, where, however, the chan- nel was contracted to 25 feet in width. Thence, in South River to the head of navigation, the low-water channel was less than 1 foot in depth. * The original project, adopted by the act of March 3, 1873, as enlarged in 1890, was to dredge a channel 5,100 feet in length, 8 feet deep at mean low water from that depth in the harbor, 300 feet wide at the entrance, 150 feet wide off Derby Wharf light, diminishing in width to 100 feet near the inner end of Derby Wharf, and from that point to the head of navigation 50 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water. Under the original and enlarged projects completed in 1894, the amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $52,368.66. The existing project, adopted by the act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 303, 58th Cong., 2d sess., with map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1904, p. 878), is to provide a channel 10 feet.deep at mean low water from that depth in the harbor to the outer end of the wharves, 300 feet in width at the entrance, gradually narrowing to 200 feet at Derby Wharf light, at an estimated cost of $12,000, ap- propriated in full by the act of March 3, 1905. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Channel and bank at entrance of .......... ..................................... 1873 1109 Salem Harbor, including to South River, 1872.1 Salem Harbor, with a view to building House... sEx. 71 Forty-eighth.. Second.... 1885 s537 a jetty running out from the main- land to deep water, 1884. Salem Harbor, including South River, ... do.... ' Ex. 28 Fifty-first..... First...... 1890 s528 1889.1 North River Salem, from Beverly ... do.... ' Ex. 28 ..... do........ Second.... 1891 2 669 Bridge to the North Street Bridge, 1890. Salem Harbor, to mouth of South .......................... .......... 1895 '651 River etc., 1895. Salem Harbor, 1903 4.................. House .. ' 303 Fifty-eighth... Second... 1904 5 878 Salem Harbor, with view to removing ... do.... 79 Sixty-second.. First...................... shoal in outer harbor of Salem and Beverly, 1910. 1 Basis of original project adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1873; enlarged in 1890. s No maps. $ Contains maps. 4 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1905. 76 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. No work was done during the fiscal year. To June 30, 1913, the total amount expended on the existing project was $11,500, all for improvement. The approved project was completed on March 7, 1906, since which time no work has been done. The maximum draft that can be carried June 30, 1913, to Derby Wharf light, the limit of the improvement, is about 8 feet at mean low water. Above Derby Wharf there is a depth in South River of about 8 feet to a point about 1,100 feet above Union Street Bridge; thence to the head of navigation at Lafayette Street Bridge, a dis- tance of about 200. feet, the depth is 3 feet. The State of Massa- chusetts is now increasing to 10 feet depth the channel for a distance of about 1,900 feet from Derby Wharf to about 150 feet above Central Wharf, which wharf is about 450 feet below Union Street Bridge. The mean range of tides is 9 feet. The commerce of South River affected by the project amounted in 1909 to 150,759 short tons; in 1910 to 40,006 short tons; in 1911 to 38,981 short tons; and in 1912 to 38,970 short tons, valued at over $161,000. The figures for 1910, 1911, and 1912 are incomplete, how- ever, as no statistics were obtainable from one firm which in 1909 received 93,000 tons of coal. The appropriation recommended will be applied to making a survey of and redredging the channel 10 feet deep at mean low water from that depth in the harbor to Derby Wharf light. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, for maintenance of improvement______________---- $7, 500.00 (See Appendix B 6.) 7. Harbor at Lynn, Mass.-Lynn Harbor is distant about 14 miles by water in a northeast direction from Boston Harbor. It is about 3 miles in extent from north to south and has an average width east and west of about 1l miles, the greater part being bare at low water. In its original condition three narrow and crooked channels, in which the depth was but 6 feet at mean low water, extended from the wharves to the sea. The original project, defined in the report of a board of engineers dated April 10, 1884, and as modified in 1888, was to dredge a chan- nel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from the sea (at White Rocks), a distance of 3,300 feet to a deep basin opposite Little Nahant, and from the basin nearly opposite Sand Point, a distance of 6,900 feet to a point 400 feet inside the harbor line, and an anchorage basin 500 feet by 300 feet and 10 feet deep at mean low water; the upper part of the channel to be maintained by occa- sional dredging, the lower part by a training wall joining the land at Little Nahant, at an estimated cost of $182,000. The amount expended on this project was $122,063.56, all for improvement, with which the entire channel and the anchorage basin as prescribed in the project were completed. The project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, was to dredge a channel 200 feet wide, 4,500 feet long from the sea to the deep basin opposite Little Nahant; from the basin nearly opposite Sand Point, a distance of 7,000 feet to the anchorage basin, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 77 and the anchorage basin itself, 500 feet by 300 feet, all to the depth of 15 feet at mean low water, at an estimated cost of $162,937. The projected channel and basin were completed in May, 1908. Under the project to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, $166,373.44 was expended; $164,373.44 being for improvement and $2,000 (in the fiscal years 1911 and 1912) for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 948, 60th Cong., 1st sess., without map), and provides for the widening, to the same depth, and straightening the present channel and turning baisin so as to make the former 300 feet wide and the latter 500 feet square, at a total estimated cost of $179,000. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Lynn Harbor: 1838......... ................. House... 1226 Twenty-fifth.. Second.... .... .... 1882 * 544 18812............. ........ Senate.. 3 Ex. 45 Forty-seventh First...... 1884 1 524 1888 a 446 Map of dredged upper channel,1886. ............. ........... 1886 578 1897.. ... .........................- House... 228 Fifty-fifth....l First...... 1897 8 872 1900 4 ................. .......... __.. do ... 1 78 Fifty-sixth.... Second.... 19013 1092 1907-8 5.............................. do.... 3948 Sixtieth....... First...... ......... Western (or Saugus River) channel, Lynn Harbor: 11893 759 1893-1895............. ............................... ..... 1895 616 1912............. ...... ... .. .................... ..... ............ 1912 79 Saugus River: 1892........ ................ House... 3 Ex. 98 Fifty-second.. Second.... 31893 789 1905........ .................... .do... 3139 Fifty-ninth.. First................. 1Contains maps. S Basis of original project. 8No maps. 4 Basis of project adopted by Congress June 13, 1902. 6 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress June 25, 1910. During the fiscal year, under contract dated October 11, 1912, 220,397 cubic yards of material were dredged in widening the chan- nel from its outer end, a distance of about 12,300 feet, to Upper Turn dolphin. Expenditure, $21,543.31, all for improvement. Under contract dated June 13, 1913, work was commenced June 30, and 4,946 cubic yards of material were dredged in widening the channel upstream from this dolphin. Expenditure, $16.80, all for improvement. Outstanding liabilities, $16,093.07. The total amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1913, was $83,460.11, of which $6,400 has been expended for mainte- nance in restoring to its former dimensions the western (or Saugus River) channel in Lynn Harbor. From sales 39 cents has been de- rived. 78 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The project is about 75 per cent completed. The inner channel commencing at Sand Point has been widened on the western side to 300 feet, with a depth of 15 feet at mean low water, for a distance of about 4,500 feet; and 225,343 cubic yards of material have been re- moved from other parts of the channel toward widening it to the projected width of 300 feet, 15 feet deep at mean low water. The maximum draft that can be carried June 30, 1913, over the shoalest part of the locality under improvement is 15 feet at mean low water, excluding that portion of the channel and anchorage basin now being dredged. The mean range of tide is 9.3 feet. The commerce of the harbor benefited by the improvement con- sists chiefly of coal,l4umber, and building materials, and amounted in 1910 to 433,808 short tons; in 1911 to 478,574 short tons; and in 1912 to 466,637 short tons, valued at over $1,850,000. The deepening of the channel to 15 feet enables the smaller or medium-size barges to carry full cargoes of coal to the wharves at all stages of the tide and barges of the greatest draft during the higher stages. It is reported by local commercial interests that the cost of trans- portation was reduced 25 cents a ton by deepening the channel to 10 feet and further diminished by increasing the depth to 15 feet. The work now under contract completes the project of improve- ment. No additional funds are therefore required. Under a provision in the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, $5,000 of the appropriation for Lynn Harbor was expended on the western (or Saugus River) channel in Lynn Harbor in obtaining a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, and 150 feet wide, for an aggregate length of 2,200 feet. This channel had deteriorated, and in restoring it to its former dimensions 25,071 cubic yards of material, place measurement, were dredged during the fiscal year, at an ex- penditure of $6,400 (for maintenance) from allotments of $5,000 and $1,400 made June 25 and September 17, 1912, respectively, from the appropriation provided by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, for emergencies in rivers and harbors. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended_ -______- __ - -_______-$12,500. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912_ 35, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913 84, 000. 00 Amount allotted from emergency appropriation, act approved Mar. 2, 1907 --- --------------------------------------- 1, 400. 00 Receipts from sales-------------------------------------------- .39 132, 900. 39 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year: For works of improvement____ -___--- - $21, 560. 11 For maintenance of improvement -------- 6, 400. 00 27, 960. 11 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended_________ ________ 104, 940. 28 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ______________-----_-- 16, 093. 07 -- July 1, 1913, balance available_______ _- -_______---88, 847. 21 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts-----------23, 979.18 (See Appendix B 7.) 8. Mystic and Maiden Rivers and Mystic River below the mouth of Island End River, Mass.-(a) Mystic River.-This river rises in Mystic Lakes, Mass., and after flowing about 7 miles in a southeast- RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 79 erly direction, empties into Boston Harbor near the Charlestown Navy Yard. The sections under improvement are embraced in two projects: One from the head of navigation at Medford (5 miles above the mouth) downstream to the Boston & Maine Railroad (western divi- sion) bridge, a distance of about 3 miles; the other, commencing at the downstream side of the Chelsea Bridge, near the mouth of the river, and extending to the mouth of Island End River, a distance of about one-half mile. The depth of water between the mouth of Island End River and the railroad bridge is sufficient for the com- merce using the upper portion of the Mystic River and is not included in either project. In its original condition the Mystic had a practicable channel 6 feet deep at mean low water, extending to Dennings Landing, 3.9 miles above its mouth in Boston Harbor, and 4 feet deep at mean low water about 2,000 feet farther. The original project for improvement, adopted by the act of July 13, 1892 (printed in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1891, p. 672, with map), which is also the present project, is to make the channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the Boston & Maine Railroad (western division) bridge up about 1 mile to the first turn above Dennings Wharf; and thence 2*miles to the head of navigation at Medford, 4 feet deep at mean low water, gradually narrowing from 100 feet to 50 feet at the upper end, at an estimated cost of $25,000. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Upper Mystic 1890-91 1................ 1891 672 To upper limits of Somerville, 1905..... House... 145 Fifty-ninth.... First......... ........ 1 Basis of existing project, adopted by Congress July 13, 1892. 2 Contains maps. 3 No maps. No work was done and none required during the past year in main- tenance of the improvement. The amount expended to the close of the fiscal year June 30, 1913, was $28,994.88, all for improvement, except $200 expended in the fiscal year 1911 for maintenance in making a minor survey of the im- proved channel to determine the extent of deterioration. The projected channel was completed in November, 1906. The maximum draft that can be carried, June 30, 1913, at mean low water is 6 feet up to the first turn above Dennings Wharf and thence to the head of navigation 4 feet. The mean range of tide is 9.8 feet. 80 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The head of navigation is the upper limit of that part of the chan- nel under improvement, at the stone bridge at Medford, to which point, 6 miles above its confluence with the Charles River in Boston Harbor, the stream is navigable in fact. The commerce benefited by this improvement, chiefly coal, amounted in 1910 to 21,966 short tons; in 1911 to 43,800 short tons; and in 1912 to 41,372 short tons, valued at $180,791.89. It is reported that barges of the lighest draft remaining in service deliver coal at Medford with- out the expense of lightering, which would be about 50 cents per ton. The river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, made an appropria- tion of $10,000 for maintenance of Mystic and Malden Rivers. The allotment of this appropriation has not been made, but as a new and deeper project for Malden River was adopted by the act of July 25, 1912, this appropriation will probably be applied to the upper Mystic River. No estimate of additional funds is therefore submitted. (b) Malden River.-Malden River rises in Melrose, Mass.; flows for 41 miles in a southerly direction and empties into Mystic River 3 miles above the mouth of the latter. The section included in the project is about 1.6 miles long from the confluence with the Mystic. In its original condition the Malden had a practicable channel 4 feet deep at mean low water, extending only 2,000 feet above its confluence with the Mystic. The original project, adopted by the act of August 2, 1882, was to make the channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean high water to the Charles Street Bridge, about 1.8 miles above its confluence with the Mystic, at an estimated cost of $35,000. The amount expended on the Malden River under the original project and prior to operations under the project of July 13, 1892, was 10,000. A channel was secured with a least width of 50 feet and 70 feet at turns, with a depth of 12 feet at mean high water from the mouth to the Medford Street Bridge at Malden, a distance of 1.6 miles. The project which was adopted by the act of July 13, 1892, was to dredge a channel 12 feet deep at mean high water, 100 feet wide to the Medford Street Bridge, 1.6 miles above its confluence with the Mys- tic, and 75 feet wide about 1,200 feet farther to the Charles Street Bridge, at an estimated cost of $37,000. With an expenditure of $59,700 (of which $44,713.61 was for main- tenance) a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean high water was completed in 1897 to the Medford Street Bridge (the local officer having reported the river above that bridge to be unworthy of im- provement by the United States), and has since been maintained by redredging. The expenditure of $178.90 during the fiscal year was for office expenses, chargeable to maintenance. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 77, 62d Cong., 1st sess., with map), is to dredge a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water 100 to 150 feet wide, from the mouth of the river to Medford Street Bridge, at an estimated cost of $80,000, which amount was appropriated in a lump sum by that act, its expenditure being conditioned upon the riparian owners giving proper permits to dump spoil on their lands behind dikes; execute releases of the area outside the dike lines; and upon the State of Massachusetts lowering the siphon of the metropolitan sewer and RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 81 pledging itself for all costs of maintenance of the new channel. The necessary State legislation has not been enacted. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Malden River, 1880 1..-..... .......... Senate.. 2 Ex. 29 Forty-sixth... Third..... 18812 532 Modifications, 1882, 1884 1....... ......... ...................... 19002 1191 Malden River: 1888.................................... ........................... 18892 594 1890 3............. ................. ........ _..... _.. .. 18912 672 1910-11 4........................... House... 77 Sixty-second.. First................. 1 Basis of original project adopted by Congress Aug. 2, 1882. 2 No maps. 8 Basis of project adopted by Congress July 13, 1892. 4 6 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress July 25, 1912. Contains maps. To June 30, 1913, no expenditure has been made under the existing project. The river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, made an appro- priation of $10,000 for maintenance of Mystic and Malden Rivers. The allotment of this appropriation has not been made, but as a new and deeper project for Malden River was adopted by the act of July 25, 1912, this appropriation will probably be applied to the upper Mystic River. The maximum draft that can be carried at mean high water, June 30, 1913, through the improved channel is 12 feet. The mean range of tide is 9.8 feet. The head of navigation is at the Medford Street Bridge at Mal- den, to which point the stream is navigable in fact, 1.6 miles above its confluence with the Mystic River. The commerce, chiefly coal, amounted in 1910 to 88,834 short tons; in 1911 to 80,033 short tons, and in 1912 to 80,949 short tons, valued at $437,304.36. The improvement is reported to enable the smallest barges, or larger barges with partial cargoes, to deliver coal at Mal- den, saving the cost of lightering-50 cents per ton. The funds already appropriated are sufficient for the completion of the improvement as projected, and no further appropriation is required. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended__--------- - - ___ - -- ___ $478. 90 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912__ 80, 000. 00 80, 478. 90 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance of improvement--- -------------- -- ---------- 178.90 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ...--------------------- 180, 300. 00 1 Allotment from appropriation of Feb. 27, 1911, $10,000, not yet made. 11482--ENG 1913----6 82 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. (c) Mystic River below the mouth of Island End River.-Island End River is 1.6 miles above the mouth of the Mystic at the navy yard in Charlestown, and 2,700 feet above the Chelsea drawbridge over the Mystic. In its original condition the Mystic up to Island End River had a narrow channel 14.4 feet deep at mean low water, but so narrow above the drawbridge as to be barely practicable. The original project, adopted by the act of March 3, 1899, with esti- mate of cost, printed in House Document No. 178, Fifty-fifth Con- gress, third session, was to dredge a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, embracing 1.7 miles of the Mystic extending from its mouth to i point 800 feet above Island End River, at a cost estimated in August, 1899, at $267,547.50 (reduced estimate). This project was modified by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, in accordance with plan printed in House Document No. 1086, Sixtieth Congress, second session, by providing for the abandonment of the proposed extension above the mouth of Island End River. The 25-foot project, as modified, was completed in February, 1911. The total expenditures to June 30, 1913, were $136,005.12 (all for improvement, except $10,281.92 for maintenance). The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1086, 60th Cong., 2d sess., with map), provides for a channel 30 feet deep from the mouth of Island End River to Chelsea Bridge, and through the draw to the 35-foot channel on the downstream side of the bridge; the channel has a width of 600 feet at the upstream end, gradually narrowing to 300 feet, and includes the widening of the entrance channel leading to Mystic Wharf, at an estimated cost of $172,000. No modification has been made in existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and mnaps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Mouth to 800 feet above Island End House... 2 178 Fifty-fiftli..... Third..... 18992 1096 River, 1899.1 Curtailed1 ... ........ ............. ... do..... 1086 Sixtieth...... Second ... .... ........ Mouth of Island End River to Chel- ... do ..... 1086 ..... do........ .. do..... ........... sea Bridge, 1908.4 1 Basis of project adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1899. 2No maps. 3Contains maps. 4 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress June 25, 1910. During the fiscal year the channel just above Chelsea Bridge was widened along the western edge to make a direct, straight connec- tion (in conjunction with the dredging by the city of Boston through the draw spans of its new bridge) between the 35-foot channel below and the 30-foot channel above the bridge, already dredged by the United States, and dredging was in progress in the upper portion RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 83 of the improvement, where the width of channel is being increased. About 19 per cent of the total estimated yardage was removed. 'Iotal expenditure during the fiscal year, $12,816.78, all for im- provement, including $38.75 for printing specifications for removal of ledge. Outstanding liabilities, $3,482.73. Under the existing project to June 30, 1913, there was expended $76,647.70 (all for improvement). From sales, 45 cents has been derived. * The project is about 60 per cent completed. A channel 300 feet wide and 30 feet deep has been- dredged from Chelsea Bridge to just above the mouth of Island End River, except a section on the north side of the channel about 300 feet long and 35 feet wide just above the Chelsea Bridge pier, where ledge has been found above grade. The removal of this ledge has been contracted for, but work has not yet been commenced. The entrance to the channel leading to Mystic Wharf has also been enlarged by dredging to 30 feet depth. The maximum draft that can be carried June 30, 1913, over the shoalest part of the locality under improvement is at mean low water 30 feet, excluding that portion of the channel at the upper end, which is being widened, and over the ledge along the north side of the channel just above Chelsea Bridge, where the least depth is about 24 feet. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The commerce of the river, which in 1901 amounted to 1,430,650 short tons, had increased to 3,715,805 short tons in 1908, and to 4,894,088 short tons in 1909. In 1910 the amount was 3,245,630 short tons, in 1911, 3,562,870 short tons, and in 1912, 3,671,242 short tons, valued at more than $16,000,000.1 Over 90 per cent of all the freight carried on the river is coal. No material reduction in freight rates has been effected by the im- provement, but it is of advantage to shipping interests in permitting utilization of larger vessels. No estimate of additional funds required is submitted, as it is expected that the funds available will be sufficient to complete the project. PROJECT OF 1910 FOB 30-FOOT CHANNEL. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended-------------------------------- $58, 169. 53 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913- 25, 000.-00 83,169. 53 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement------------------------------------------- 12, 816. 78 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended----------------------------70, 352. 75 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 3, 482. 73 July 1, 1913, balance available------------------------------ 66, 870. 02 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 43, 909. 02 Amount (estimated )required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 1The statistics prior to 1910 include south channel of Mystic River and the portion of Mystic Wharf lying below Chelsea Bridge. These localities are omitted from the 1910, 1911 and 1912 statistics, as they are not influenced by this improvement. E xclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. 84 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. CONSOLIDATED. July 1, 1912, balanced unexpended- ..- "$18, ' 648. 43 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912_------------------------------------------- 130. 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913_ 25, 000. 00 173, 648. 43 June 30, 1913, amount expended ~luring fiscal year: For works of improvement__________-------- $12, 816. 78 For maintenance of improvement __ __ 178. 90 12, 995. 68 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended__---------------------- 1160, 652. 75 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities --- --. ________ -------- 3, 482. 73 July 1, 1913, balance available------ 170. 02 1------------------157, July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 43, 909.02 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------- --------------------- 25, 000.00 (See Appendix B 8.) 9. Harbor at Boston, Mass.-The natural boundaries of Boston Harbor include all the expanse of tidewater lying within a line drawn from Point Allerton to Point Shirley, and extending from that line westward to the shores of the mainland. This comprises a surface area of about 30,000 acres, exclusive of the islands. In its original condition the headlands and islands were without protection against the sea, which was extensively eroding them. Dangerous rocks obstructed the approach and entrance from Nan- tasket Roads to the lower main ship channel through the Narrows. That channel was 23 feet deep at mean low water, with a least width of 150 feet. The upper main ship channel from President Roads to Boston had a least depth of 18 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 100 feet. The channel from President Roads to Broad Sound in the ocean had a least depth of 29 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 200 feet. The original project, adopted by the act of March 2, 1825, was " for the preservation of the islands in Boston Harbor, necessary to the security of that place," and until 1866 all expenditures, amount- ing to $546,526.10, appear to have been applied to that purpose in the building and repair of sea walls. The amount expended upon them since 1866 can not be accurately stated. The project for the improvement of the harbor adopted by the act of March 2, 1867, was (as modified) to make the main ship channel from Nantasket Roads to Boston 23 feet deep at mean low water, 600 feet wide through the Narrows to President Roads, and 1,000 feet wide from President Roads to Boston. To this project of improvement were added, from time to time, minor channels within or tributary to the harbor, since completed with allotments from the appropriation for Boston Harbor, known 1 Includes $10,000 appropriated by the river and harbor act of Feb. 27, 1911, for maintenance of Mystic and Malden Rivers, which amount has not yet been allotted to the separate works. Exclunsive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 85 as Nantasket Beach Channel, Nix Mate Channel, Jeffries Point Channel, Chelsea Creek, Charles River, and Fort Point Channel. Under the original project for sea walls and supplemental projects for the channels above named there has been expended for improve- ment and maintenance to June 30, 1913, $2,813,874.32, exclusive of all expenditures upon the three existing projects (27-foot, 30-foot, and 35-foot channels), with which expenditure about 3.75 miles of sea walls have been built and maintained, protecting the most ex- posed headlands and islands, the subordinate channels described in the preceding paragraph (except Charles River) have been com- pleted, and a channel was obtained 23 feet deep at mean low water from Nantasket Roads to Boston, with a least width of 625 feet in the Narrows and 850 feet between President Roads and the city. From sales.of property $265.46 has been derived. The existing projects (other than for maintenance of the sea walls and the minor channels described above) are for improvement of the main channels, viz: 1. Adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1894, p. 554, with map): To widen the main ship channel, from Nantasket Roads to Boston, 81 miles, to 1,000 feet, and to deepen it to 27 feet at mean low water, at an estimated cost of $1,250,000, subsequently increased to $1,488,751. Project completed. 2. Adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 133, 55th Cong., 2d sess. with map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1898, p. 886) : To widen the Broad Sound Chan- nel, 2 miles long from President Roads to the sea, to 1,200 feet, and to deepen it to 30 feet at mean low water, at an estimated cost of $455,000. Project completed. 3. Adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doec. No. 119, 56th Cong., 2d sess., with map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1901, p. 1096) : To provide channels 35 feet deep at mean low water, 1,200 feet wide from the navy yard at Charles- town and the Chelsea Bridge and Charles River Bridge to President Roads, 6 miles, and 1,500 feet wide from President Roads through Broad Sound to the ocean, 1 miles, at an estimated cost of $7,994,000 in round numbers. This estimate differs from any made in the project quoted in the act as the basis of the appropriation, owing to the different widths of the channels adopted. (To avoid a large amount of rock excavation the 35-foot channel from President Roads to Broad Sound is in a different location from the 30-foot channel.) No modification has been made in any of the foregoing projects since their adoption. 86 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Maps showing location of works of improvement: 1875.......... . ...... . . ........ --- -- ............. ........ (18751 404 1880............. ............... .. ..... ---.. ............... . .......... 18801 349 1883....... ............................... -- -..-- -- -.. ................ ...... 18831 454 Map showing location of works of .......... ............... ................ 18881 455 preservation and improvement made and proposed by United States, from 1825-1888, and of im- provements by State Harbor and Land Commissioners 1866-1888. Upper harbor and karrows, 1892 .......... ................................ 18941 554 (iap)s. Navy yard to entrance of main ship House... 1133 Fifty-fifth-..... Second.... 1898 886 channel and from main ship chan- nel in President Roads through iy Broad Sound, 1897.8 (19014 1096 Navy Yard and Chelsea Bridge and ... do..... 1119 Fifty-sixth.....do......... 1903 771 Charles River Bridge to President Roads and from President Roads through Broad Sound to the ocean, 1900.6 Headland in town of Hull, at entrance Senate.. 1'Ex. 74 Forty-eighth.. First...... 18844 553 to Boston Harbor, 1882-3. Et Boston Hann, 182, - East Boston channel, 1892, 1894 ...... do.. ouse. Ex. 55 Fifty-second, . Second. .. 1893 ' 793 Ex. 58 Fifty-third.... Third.... 1895 649 Allerton Point, with view to construc- .. do .... 140 Fifty-ninth... First................. tion of sea wall to protect naviga- tion, 1905. Winthrop Head, with view to con- ... do.... 4144 .....do...........do................... structionof sea wall to protect navi- gation, 1905. South Bay, 1910..... ...... .... do.... 4272 Sixty-second. . Second....... ........ ........ South channel of Mystic River, 1910......do.... 4272 ..... do........ ...do....... .......... Winthrop Beach, with view to con- ... do.... 4258 ..... do........ ... do...... ........ ....... structiaunof sea wall, 1911. 1 Contains maps. 2 Basis of 27-foot project adopted by Congress July 13, 1892. a Basis of 30-foot project adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1899. 4No maps. * Basis of 85-foot project adopted by Congress June 13, 1902. SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1918. General improvement.-For drilling holes and setting dowels in repair of sea wall at Georges Island $1,646.94 was expended for maintenance. Outstanding liabilities, $150. Thirty-five-foot channl.-Work was continued on removal of ledges. All the ledges included in the contract of July 5, 1911, were removed. Five ledges, containing 578 cubic yards, under contract of April 25, 1912, were also removed; and drilling, blasting, and dredging of blasted material were in progress on other ledges of this contract. Expenditure, $189,628.28, all for improvement. Outstanding liabilities, $50,756.24, not including $13,811.97 on ac- count of contracts for dredging. The entire 35-foot channel was swept to determine the extent of deterioration, and the U. S. hydraulic dredge Atlantic, tempo- rarily loaned to this district from the second New York district, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 87 has been engaged since April 29, 1913, in removing shoals from the outer channel in Broad Sound. For this sweeping and dredg- ing $39,755.61 was spent, chargeable to maintenance. Outstanding liabilities, $9,954.07. Finns Ledge.-The survey of Finns Ledge was completed. Ex- penditure, $2,118.72, chargeable to improvement. Owing to the pos- sibility of this ledge being required as a foundatiqn for a light- house, the omission of the removal of tthe ledge for the present has been authorized. Under the project of July 13, 1892, for 27-foot channel, the amount expended to June 30, 1913, was $1,474,106.29, of which $59,715.30 was for maintenance ($10 has been derived from'sales). Under the project of March 3, 1899, for 30-foot channel, to June 30, 1913, the amount expended was $455,000; $385,200 for improve- ment and $69,800 for maintenance. To June 30, 1913, the amount expended on the 35-foot channel was $6,484,033.65; $6,444,278.04 for improvement and $39,755.61 for maintenance. From sales $129.22 has been derived. With the total amount expended under the 27-foot project the upper and lower main ship channels from Boston to President Roads and from President Roads to the sea have been dredged to the width of 1,000 feet and depth of 27 feet at mean low water. A survey of the improved channel in 1911 shows that no material deterioration had occurred. The maximum draft that can be carried at mean low water, June 30, 1913, over the shoalest part is 27 feet. Under the 30-foot project a channel has been obtained 1,200 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from President Roads to Broad Sound. A survey of the improved channel in 1911 shows that no material deterioration had occurred. The maximum draft that can be carried at mean low water, June 30, 1913, over the shoalest part is 30 feet. Under the 35-foot project of June 13, 1902, a channel of the full projected depth and width from the navy yard, Charles River Bridge, and Chelsea Bridge to President Roads, and from President Roads through Broad Sound to the ocean has been dredged, but the channel is still obstructed by ledges in the inner harbor on the northerly side in the vicinity of Governors and Castle Islands, where the width is restricted to from 500 to 700 feet, with a least depth of about 27 feet, and by a ledge in the middle of the channel at the confluence of Mystic River and Chelsea Creek, covering an area 300 feet long and 200 feet wide, on which the least depth is about 25 feet; shoal areas in the outer and inner channels reduce the available depth to 32 feet. All the ledges and shoals are now being removed. The work accomplished to the end of the fiscal year in the upper main ship channel was the dredging of 16,647,702.5 cubic yards of mud, sand, gravel, and clay, 23.642 cubic yards of bowlders, and the excavation of 63,618.09 cubic yards of ledge; and in Broad Sound Channel the dredging of 4,916,846 cubic yards of mud, sand, gravel, clay, hardpan, and cobblestones, 349.993 cubic yards of bowlders, and the excavation of one ledge containing 8 cubic yards. The total amount of material dredged is 21,564,922.135 cubic yards and of rock excavated is 63,626.09 cubic yards, which completes all the dredg- ing and about 45 per cent of all the rock excavation required under 88 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, 1. S. ARMY. the project. The yardage expressed refers to scow measurement except for rock excavation, which is place measurement. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet at Boston Light and 9.6 feet in the upper harbor. The foreign exports and imports for the port of Boston during the calendar year ending December 31, 1912, amounted in value to $216,310,889, being an increase of $149,624,368 over the valuation in 1867, when the systematic inrprovement of the channels was begun. As to the effect of the improvement on freight rates, the general manager of the principal foreign steamship lines entering this port states that about 30 years ago steamers were employed with a loaded draft of 20 feet to 24 feet; 22 or 23 years ago, of 25 to 26 feet; 14 years ago, 27 or 28 feet; 10 years ago, 28 feet 9 inches; later, 31 feet; and recently one of 36 feet 102 inches. He states, generally- that freight rates, caused by the larger class of steamers being used, are about 50 per cent less than they were some 15 or 20 years ago, when very much smaller steamers were engaged in the trade. The appropriation recommended for the 35-foot channel will be applied to maintenance of the channel by removal of shoals in the inner harbor and Broad Sound. Tributary channels.--(a) Chelsea Creek.-Chelsea Creek begins at a tidal dam between the city of Chelsea and the town of Revere, flows in a generally southerly direction for about 3 miles, and empties into Boston Harbor near the mouth of Mystic River. In its original condition the stream had a channel of practicable width extending 11,000 feet from its confluence with Mystic River in Boston Harbor and 18 feet deep at mean high water, except on a bar about 2,000 feet below its head, upon which the depth was 17 feet. In the 3,300 feet from the head of the 18-foot channel to the head of navigation the depth gradually shoaled to 13 feet at mean high water. The improvement is embraced in two projects. One project, adopted by the act of June 3, 1896 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 162, 53d Cong., 3d sess., with map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1895, p. 648), is to make the channel about 5,500 feet in length next below the head of navigation, 150 feet wide, and 18 feet deep at mean high water, at an estimated cost of $65,000. The lower end of this project is about two miles above the mouth of the river. No modification has been made in this project since its adoption. No operations were in progress during the fiscal year. The amount expended under this project to June 30, 1913, was $73,071.49, all for improvement, with which the channel was com- pleted in 1907 in accordance with the project. The head of navigation is at the bridge of the Boston & Maine Railroad, to which point the stream is navigable in fact 650 feet be- low the tidal dam at its source, and 2.7 miles above its confluence with Mystic River. June 30, 1913, the maximum draft that can be carried at mean high water over the shoalest part of the improved channel is 18 feet. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The commerce benefited by this improvement, consisting chiefly of coal, amounted in 1909 to 19,019 short tons; in 1910 to 5,764 short kIVER AND RAB13Ot IMPROVEMENTS. 89 tons; in 1911 to 13,778 short tons; and in 1912 to 14,053 short tons, valued at $46,335.95. No maintenance work being required, no estimate of funds is sub- mitted for this section of the river. The other project was adopted by the act of July 25, 1912, (H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess., with map), and is to dredge a channel 150 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water from the Meridian Street Bridge, at the head of the 35-foot channel in Boston Harbor, to the old East Boston (Chelsea Street) Bridge, a distance of about seven-eighths of a mile, at an estimated cost of $85,000, appropriated in full by that act, with a proviso that the 24-inch water main of the metropolitan water system,' which crosses the stream about 800 feet above the Meridian Street Bridge, be lowered without expense to the United States. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. No operations were in progress during the fiscal year and no ex- penditures made. No work has been done under the project. By act of the Massa- chusetts Legislature, approved June 6, 1913,'$75,000 was appropri- ated for lowering the water main, but work has not yet been begun. The commerce in the part of the river embraced in this project amounted to 417,797 short tons in 1910; to 356,481 short tons in 1911; and to 394,805 short tons in 1912, valued at $6,906,779.30. The act of July 25, 1912, adopting the project, appropriated the entire amount of the estimated cost of the improvement. Therefore no estimate of additional funds is submitted. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Chelsea River from Grand Junction R. R. Bridge to Bostond Maine House... 4Ex. 40 ..do.....aEx.162 Fifty-second.. Fifty-third.... Second.... Third..... 18934 790 18954 648 R. R. Bridge 1892 and 1894.1 Chelsea Creek between the Meridian ... do..... 3272 Sixty-second.. Second.......... ........ Street Bridge and the old East Bos- ton Bridge, 1911.2 1 Basis of project adopted by Congress June 3, 1896. 2 Basis of project adopted by Congress July 25, 1912. 8Contains maps. 'No maps. (b) Fort Point Channel.-This channel is situated between the eastern shore of Boston proper on the one side and the reclaimed and improved South Boston flats on the other side; is about 11 miles in length and connects the tidal basin df the South Bay, which covers an area of about 250 acres, with Boston upper harbor. In its original condition the mid-channel depth was 12 feet at its mouth and 16 feet thence to the Federal Street Bridge, excepting at the draw in the Congress Street Bridge, where it was 14.5 feet at mean low water. 90 REPORT OF THIE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The original project, adopted by the-act of August 5, 1886 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 206, 48th Cong., 2d sess., without map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1885, p. 543), which is also the existing project, is to dredge a channel 175 feet wide and 23 feet deep at mean low water from the entrance about 4,190 feet to near Federal Street Bridge, at an estimated cost of $100,000, reduced in 1887 to $78,750. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Fort Point Channel and the channel Senate.. 1Ex. 74 Forty-eighth.. First...... 18841 588 leading to wharves of New York and New England R. R., 1882-83. Fort Point Channel, 18842............. House... Ex.206 ..... do......... Second.... 18851 543 1No maps. 2Basis of project adopted by Congress Aug. 5, 1886. No work was done and none required in maintenance of improve- ment during the fiscal year. The total cost to the United States to June 30, 1913, was $75,606.23, including $9,219.10 for maintenance. The improvement was completed in 1909. The maximum draft that can be carried June 30, 1913, at mean low water over the shoalest part of the improved channel is 23 feet. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The head of navigation is the southern extremity of South Bay, at Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass., to which point, about 2 miles from the entrance to the channel in Boston Harbor, the channel is navigable in fact. The commerce benefited by this improvement consists of coal, sugar, building materials, and miscellaneous merchandise, which amounted in the calendar year 1910 to 1,423,456 short tons, in 1911 to 1,507,621 short tons, and in 1912 to 1,101,374 short tons,x valued at over $16,500,000. PROJECT FOR GENERAL IMPROVEMENT. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended____---- ------------------------ $8, 769.37 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913__ 25, 000. 00 33, 769. 37 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance of improvement -------------------------------------------- 1, 646. 94 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended___ _____-_______-________ 32, 122. 43 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities_ -- 150. 00 July 1, 1913, balance available--- -------------------------- 31, 972. 43 1 Incomplete figures, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 91 PROJECT OF 1892 FOR 27-FOOT CHANNEL. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended------------------------------- $31, 500. 00 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 31, 500. 00 PROJECT OF 1902 FOR 35-FOOT CHANNEL. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended --------------------------- $847, 591.67 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved Aug. 24, 1912_ 25, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by sundry civil act approved June 23, 1913__ 150, 000. 00 Receipts from sales.---------------------, ------- 6. 51 1, 022, 598. 18 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year: For works of improvement_____--.. ---- $191, 747. 00 For maintenance of improvement_________-- 39, 755. 61 231, 502. 61 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended-_____ _____________-- -791, 095. 57 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities---------------------------74, 522. 28 July 1, 1913, balance available_ ...... __.__-________ -- _ 716, 573. 29 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ---------- 14, 901.45 Amount of continuing contract authorization, act of Mar. 2, 1907_ 3, 894, 000. 00 Amount appropriated under such authorization-.............. .3, 175, 000.00 Amount yet to be appropriated .----------------------------- 719, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----- ------- ---- ------- --- 719, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, for maintenance of improvement_________ __ 1200, 000. 00 CHELSEA CREEK (BOSTON HARBOR) PROJECT. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912----------------------- ---------------------------- $85, 000. 00 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 85, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended_--- ------------ __ $40, 861. 04 -_____ Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913 --------------------------- 75,000.00 115, 861.04 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year: For works of improvement ------- _ $191, 747. 00 For maintenance of improvement-------------- 41, 402. 55 233,149. 55 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended---------------------------- 939, 718. 00 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities_--------- ------------- 74, 672. 28 July 1, 1913, balance available ...------------------------- 748, 545. 72 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 614, 901.45 Amount of continuing contract authorization, act of Mar. 2, 1907_ 3, 894, 000. 00 Amount appropriated under such authorization _.------- - 3,175, 000. 00 Amount yet to be appropriated ----------------------- 719, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_-- --------------------------- - --- 1719, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, for maintenance of improvement .--- - ...--- 200, 000. 00 (See Appendix B 9.) 1Exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. 92 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. 10. Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Mas.--Dorchester Bay is at the mouth of Neponset River, in Boston Harbor. Neponset River rises in Foxboro, Mass., and flows in a general northeasterly direction about 25 miles, emptying into Dorchester Bay. 'The section of the river included in the project extends from the mouth in the bay, upstream 1 miles. Prior to the adoption of the existing project the controlling depth, at mean low water in the bay up to Commercial Point, at the mouth of the river, was 13 feet; thence up the river to the highway bridge at Neponset, 11 miles above its mouth, it was 8 feet, and from said bridge up to Milton Mills, 4 miles above its mouth and at the head of navigation, it Was 3 feet. The original project, which is also the existing project, adopted by the act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 83, 69th Cong., 2d sess., with map), is to obtain, by dredging, a channel 175 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water through Dorchester Bay and the mouth of the river to Commercial Point, 2.9 miles, and 100 feet wide and 15 feet deep at mean low water in Neponset River from Commercial Point to the Neponset highway bridge; estimated to cost $125,233.34. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. The'entire sum was appropriated by the act of March 2, 1907, with the proviso (printed on p. 77 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1910) that a channel 6 feet deep from Neponset highway bridge to Milton Mills, 100 feet wide between the said bridge and the Granite bridge, 1.15 miles,- 75 feet wide thence to Godfrey's wharf, 1.25 miles, and thence 50 feet wide for a farther distance of 250 feet, should be made and hereafter maintained by the State of Massachusetts or other agency. Assurance that the improvement above the Neponset highway bridge would be maintained by the State was given by resolves of the Massachusetts Legislature, approved June 24, 1907, and March 5, 1908. The State improvement (above Neponset highway bridge) was completed in August, 1910. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Neponset River: 1892.... ..................... House... 'Ex. 35 Fifty-second.. Second.... 18931 800 1895.......... . .................... Senate.. 1Ex. 44 Fifty-third.... Third........... 1897.............. .......... House... 2Ex. 36 Fifty-fifth..... First..... 18971 875 Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, ... do .... 283 Fifty-ninth.... Second............... 1905.8 1 No maps. 2 Contains maps. 3Basis of existing project adopted by Congress Mar. 2, 1907. Shoaling having been reported, an examination of the channel from Commercial Point down stream was made in July, 1912, but no RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 93 material deterioration was found. Expenditure, $348.45; chargeable to maintenance. The amount expended to June 30, 1913, was $94,584.55 for improve- ments and $348.45 for maintenance. The project was completed on December 28, 1909. The maximum draft that can be carried June 30, 1913, over the shoalest part of the improvement is 18 feet at mean low water from Dorchester Bay and the mouth of the river to Commercial Point, and 15 feet thence to Neponset highway bridge. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The head of navigation is at Milton Mills, to which point, 4 miles above the mouth of the river, the stream is navigable in fact. During the calendar year 1908 the total commerce of the bay and river was 337,397 short tons; in 1909, 251,667 short tons; in 1910, 245,904 short tons; in 1911, 256,039 short tons; and in 1912, 196,177 short tons 1 (valued at over $1,366,000), of which 53,437 tons were carried to Milton, above the limits of the improvement undertaken by the United States. The improvement has resulted in no material reduction in freight rates, but is of advantage to shipping interests in permitting the utilization of larger vessels. Funds in hand are sufficient for maintenance of the improvement, and therefore no estimate of additional funds is submitted. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended----------------------------- $30, 648. 45 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance of improvement----------------------------------------------- 348. 45 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 30, 300. 00 (See Appendix B 10.) 11. Weymouth River, Mass.--(a) Weymouth Fore River.-This river rises in Braintree, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 7 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay, Boston Harbor. The section in- cluded in the project commences at the mouth and embraces a length of 31 miles. In its original condition the channel had a depth of 18 feet at mean low water with a least width of 300 feet up to a point about 1 mile below Weymouth Fore River Bridge at Quincy Point, the 18- foot channel extending 3,400 feet above that point, but too tortuous for safe navigation of large vessels. In the remaining 1,800 feet to the bridge the channel when surveyed was 150 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water, but, before the adoption of the project, had been increased without expense to the United States to the width of 200 feet and depth of 15 feet at mean low water. Above the bridge the channel was 12 feet deep at mean low water for a distance of 2,200 feet; 6 feet deep with a practicable width a distance of 4,000 feet farther; and 3 feet deep a distance of 7,000 feet farther, but the channel was too narrow to be practicable. The original project, adopted by the act of September 19, 1890, was to obtain in Weymouth Fore River for a distance of 7,000 feet below the head of navigation a channel with the uniform depth of 6 feet at mean low water with the width of 100 feet to near Weymouth 1 Figures for 1912 incomplete. 94 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. Landing, 80 feet thence to Braintree Bridge, and 50 feet thence 950 feet above that bridge, at an estimated cost of $40,000. The amount expended under that project was $42,750 (including $2,750 for main- tenance), with which, except for four small ledges uncovered by dredging, there was dredged and maintained to 1906 a channel of the full projected dimensions, the future maintenance of which devolves upon the State of Massachusetts under acts of Congress and the Legislature of Massachusetts, printed on pages 824 and 825 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1905. The project adopted by the act of March 3, 1905, embraced that portion of the river extending from its mouth in Hingham Bay about 31 miles up fo Weymouth Fore River Bridge at Quincy Point, and was to dredge a channel about 1 mile long, 300 feet wide, and 18 feet deep up to that bridge, at an estimated cost of $57,500. The amount expended on this project was $55,000, all for improve- ment, with which the authorized channel was completed in June, 1907. The existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of Feb- ruary 27, 1911 (H. Doc. 1334, 61st Cong., 3d sess., without map), is to widen and straighten by dredging and ledge removal the existing channel below Weymouth Fore River Bridge, including the removal of Chqnnel Rock, all at an estimated cost of $140,000. No modifica- tion has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Weymouth Fore River above Fore House... 2 Ex. 26 Fifty-first..... First ...... 18903 521 River Bridge, 1889.1 Weymouth Fore River below Fore ... do..... 2 Ex. 36 Fifty-eighth... Second.... 1904 891 River Bridge, 1902-3.4 Weymouth Fore River 5 below Fore .. do .... 31334 Sixty-first.... Third................. River Bridge, 1910. 1Basis of original project adopted by Congress Sept. 19, 1890. 2Contains maps. 4 No maps. 3 Basis of project adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1905. 5 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress Feb. 27, 1911. During the fiscal year, with an expenditure of $42,049.50, all for improvement, all dredging and rock removal embraced in the project were completed. The amount expended on the existing project to June 30, 1913, was $75,500, all for improvement. The approved project was completed on May 20, 1913. The maximum draft that can be carried through the portion of the river embraced in this improvement is 18 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet. The head of navigation is 2.7 miles above this improvement at East Braintree, to which latter point the navigable length of Wey- mouth River from its mouth is 6.2 miles. The freight carried on the river amounted in 1908 to 173,649 short tons, in 1909 to 159,342 short tons, in 1910 to 186,303 short tons, in RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 95 1911 to 173,445 short tons, and in 1912 to 170,266 short tons (valued at $1,281,053.16), of which the greater part was coal. The increased depth obtained is of importance chiefly to the Fore River Ship Build- ing Co., which builds at its extensive plant at Quincy Point large passenger and freight steamers, cruisers, and battleships up to 30,000 tons. This company states that while no direct reduction in freight rates has been realized, the improved channel has proven of greater value and benefit in permitting the entrance of larger barges loaded with coal and lumber and the passage of vessels of greater draft between the harbor and the shipyards on the river. Sufficient funds are in hand for maintenance, and no estimate of additional funds is therefore submitted. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended----------------------------- $109, 049. 50 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement----------------------------- ------------------- 42, 049. 50 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended -------------------------------- 67, 000. 00 (b) Weymouth Back River.-Weymouth Back River rises in East Weymouth, Mass., and flows in a general northerly direction 44 miles, emptying into Weymouth Fore River. The section included in the project commences one-fourth of a mile above the mouth and extends upstream about 1 mile. * In its original condition Weymouth Back River had a practicable channel not less than 200 feet wide and not less than 12 feet deep at mean low water from its confluence with Weymouth Fore River, 8,000 feet to the wharf of the American Agricultural Chemical Co.. except on a bar, 400 feet across, one-fourth of a mile above its mouth, where the depth was 11 feet, and except the 2,000 feet next below that wharf, where the depth gradually shoaled from 12 feet to 6 feet at mean low water. The original project, adopted by a proviso in the act of August 18, 1894 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 256, 51st Cong., 2d sess. with map, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1891, p. 682), which is also the existing project, is to dredge in Weymouth Back River a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide through the bar, and to extend the channel, 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, 2,200 feet, to the wharf of the American Agricultural Chemical Co., at an estimated cost of $22,000. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Weymouth Back River, 18901......... Weymouth Back River Hingham House... ... do..... 2Ex. 256 212 Fifty-first..... Secohd... Fifty-fifth..... First.... 18918 1897 8 682 873 Bridge to Manns Wharf, 1896. 1 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress Aug. 18, 1894. 28No maps. Contains maps. 96 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. No work was done and none required during the fiscal year in maintenance of the improved channel. The amount expended on this project to June 30, 1913, was $26,000 (including $5,521.32 for maintenance). Fifteen cents has been de- rived' from sales. In 1897, a channel at least 12 feet deep at mean low water was completed 200 feet wide through the bar near the mouth of the river and 125 feet wide thence to-the chemical company's wharf. Nothing further was done under the project until 1908, when the remaining 75 feet to make the channel 200 feet wide was dredged; the channel through the bar was redredged to 12 feet depth, 175 feet wide, and dredging was done"in the 125-foot channel dredged in 1897. Owing to lack of funds the restoration of this channel to the dimensions dredged in 1897 was not accomplished and the width of channel then available from the bar to the head of the improvement was but 180 feet. Subsequently the channel further deteriorated, but in 1912 it was restored to the full projected dimensions. The maximum draft that can be carried at mean low water over the shoalest part of the locality under improvement is 12 feet. The mean range of tide is 9.4 feet. The head of navigation is about 4 miles above the bar at the mouth of the'river and about 3 miles above the wharf of the chemical com- pany, which is the upper limit of the improvement. In 1910 a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water was dredged, by the War Department at the expense of the Navy Department, from that depth in the river (just below the Hingham Bridge) to the Naval Magazine at Hingham. At the present time the Navy Depart- ment is dredging a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, from the improved channel of that depth opposite the chemical company's wharf to the Naval Magazine. The commerce benefited by the improvement comprised, in 1909, 180,009 short tons; in 1910, 181,104 short tons; in 1911, 204,625 short tons; and in 1912, 241,984 short tons, valued at $5,187,732, of which about 90 per cent was raw and manufactured fertilizer products. No data was available as to the effect on freight rates. The ton- nage is carried almost exclusively in vessels owned and operated by the American Agricultural Chemical Co. The restoration of the channel having been so recently completed (in 1912) it is improbable that any redredging will be necessary in the near future. For this reason no estimate of additional funds is submitted. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended-----------------------------$1, 000.15 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended------------------------------ ,000. 15 CONSOLIDATED. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended---------------------------$110, 049. 65 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of im- provemnent--------------------------------------------- 42, 049. 50 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended 8, 000. 15 6---------------------------- (See Appendix B 11.) 19. Hingam~ Harbor,Mass.-On the south side of Boston Harbor, and distant from the wharves of Boston about 14 miles in a south- RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 97 easterly direction. It has an area of about 1 square mile, with ex- tensive mud flats, laid bare at low water. In its original condition the channel leading to Hingham, south of Ragged and Sailor Islands, was very narrow and crooked and obstructed by sunken rocks and shoals over which the least depth was 4 feet at mean low water, while the available width of channel was but 30 feet. The original project, adopted by the aict of March 3, 1875, was to widen and deepen the natural channel by dredging and blasting to the width of 100 feet and depth of 8 feet at mean low water from deep water near the head of the harbor up to the vicinity of Hing- ham wharves, a distance of about 2,500 feet, at an estimated cost of $11,000. In 1876 a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water was completed a distance of 2,500 feet to the steamboat wharf, whence it was extended for about 500 feet, with a width of 50 feet and depth of 8 feet, at a total cost of $9,116.58; in 1884 3 cubic yards of ledge waS removed from the channel at a cost of $200, making the total cost to that date $9,316.58, all for improvement, allotted from the appropriation for improving harbor at Boston, Mass. The existing project, adopted by the act of August 5, 1886 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 137, 48th Cong., 2d sess., without map; Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1885, p. 553), and completed in 1893, is to deepen the improved channel, 2,500 feet long, 100 feet wide, to 10 feet at mean low water and remove a mid-channel ledge in the lower channel between Chandlers and Ragged Islands, at an estimated cost of $18,750. By the act of March 2, 1907, without previous estimate, $10,000 was appropriated for redredging the channel. By the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909, the unexpended balance of this appropriation was "made available for redredging and improving the channel." No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Hingham Harbor: 1874 ................. ........ House... Ex. 75 Forty-third... Second.... - . 417 Map, 1888....................... ......... ... ........................ 1888 456 1884 4.. .... 4 .. House... s Ex. 137 Forty-eighth.. Second... 1885 a 553 1909 (use of available funds) ........ do..... 9355 Sixty-first..... ... do................. 1 Basis of original project adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1875. 2 No maps. ' Contains maps. 4 Basis of existing project adopted by Congress Aug. 5, 1886. 11482°-ENG 1913-- 7 98 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. No work was done during the fiscal year. To June 30, 1913, $29,000 (including $10,000 for maintenance) has been expended under the existing project. The existing project was completed in 1893. In 1911 the channel was redredged to the width of 100 feet and depth of 8 feet at mean low water from deep water near the head of the harbor to the steamboat wharf, a distance of about 2,000 feet, and was also redredged for a farther distance of about 500 feet, 50 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water. The maximum draft that can be carried June 30, 1913, at mean low water over the shoalest part of the locality under improvement is 8 feet to the stea'mboat wharf and 6 feet for about 500 feet farther. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet. The State of Massachusetts dredged during 1911 an anchorage basin to the depth of 6 feet at mean low water, and a channel 75 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water to connect this anchorage basin with the channel dredged by the United States, and widened to 75 feet that portion of the channel which was dredged by the United States to a width of 50 feet. The commerce benefited by the improvement, consisting of coal and buildipg materials, is diminishing, 12,370 short tons having been re- ceived in calendar year 1908; 11,086 short tons in 1909; 9,197 short tons in 1910; 9,443 short tons in 1911; and 11,607 short tons in 1912, valued at over $105,000. The line of Boston passenger steamers which at the time the improvement was made landed at the pier at the head of the improved-channel has long since been discontinued. The improvement has effected no reduction in freight rates. For the reason that the commerce of this harbor is local in charac- ter, and has been diminishing for several years, and also that the facilities already provided appear to be sufficient for existing com- merce, this harbor is considered unworthy of further improvement by the United States. No further annual reports will therefore be submitted. (See Appendix B 12.) 13. Harbors of Plymouth and Provincetown, Mass.-(a) Harbor at Plymouth.-Plymouth Harbor is situated 45 miles by water south of Boston. Its outer anchorage, the " Cow Yard," is common to Plymouth, Duxbury, and Kingston. The harbor contains 2,000 acres, almost all of which, except the channels, is dry at low tide. In the original condition of the harbor the channel and low-water line were about 2,500 feet from the wharf at Plymouth. Long Beach between the harbor and the ocean, was, for the most part, gow and narrow, and liable to inroads by the sea that would injure or destroy the harbor. All projects and expenditures prior to 1875 appear to have been for the construction of works for the preservation of the beach. The original project for the improvement of the channel, adopted by the act of March 3, 1875, was to dredge a channel about one-half mile long, 100 feet wide, and 6 feet deep at mean low water, through the flats from the channel in the inner harbor to Long Wharf in Plymouth, at an estimated cost of $28,000. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 99 Prior to operations -underthe existing projects, $198,859.22 had been expended in preserving Long Beach and in dredging under the project of March 3, 1875, as modified, which resulted in obtaining a channel about one-half mile long, 150 feet wide, and 9 feet deep; and a basin directly in front of the town wharves 866 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 9 feet deep. Of this amount $60,727.52 was expended for maintenance. The existing project for the protection of the beach, adopted by the act of March 3, 1899 (printed if the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1899, p. 1089, no map), is to strengthen the sections of beach damaged by the great storm of November, 1898, and to re- store Eel River to its former course, discharging into the head of the harbor, from its course into the sea to which it was changed by the storm. The estimated cost was $95,700. No modification has been made in this project since its adoption. In the report of January 20, 1899, submitting the project with esti- mate of cost, it was said: The following estimate for this work should be considered approximate only, for the reason that further changes are likely to occur before the work can be accomplished, which changes may materially increase or diminish the amount of work necessary to restore the beach to a safe condition. The accretion of the beach before the stone dike was built mate- rially diminished the cross section of a considerable part of it and permitted its extension to protect other places where further erosion has occurred. The existing project for dredging was adopted by the act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1194, 62d Cong., 3d sess., with map), and is to dredge a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water from that depth in the bay to the town wharves, 200 feet wide, increased at the entrance and on curves, at a total estimated cost of $167,000. By that act one-half of the amount ($83,500) was appropriated, the adoption of the project and the expenditure of the appropriation being condi- tional upon the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other interests defraying the remaining half of the expense, which condition was accepted by the State on June 16, 1913, when an appropriation of $83.500 was made, but the amount has not yet been placed to the credit of the United States. 100 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Report upon protection and im- House... Ex. 18 Forty-first.... Second................ provement of Plymouth Harbor, 1869. Plymouth Harbor, 1874 (for dredg- .. do..... 1 Ex. 161 Forty-third... First..... 348 Map showing works completed and .................. ...................... 1881 3 528 projected up to 1881. Map of dredged channel and basin, .................... ........... ............ 1888 460 1888. Plymouth Harbor, report on con- House... 1230 Fifty-sixth.... First...... 18991 1089 dition of beach and work neces- sary for protection, 1899.4 Goose Point to wharf of Plymouth House... 1 Ex. 71 Forty-eighth.. Second.... 1.885 1 538 Cordage Co., 1884. Goose Point Channel, to public ................................ 18891 596 wharf at Kingston, 1888. Gurnet Rock and other rocks at House... 1314 Fifty-fourth... Second.... 1897 1 863 mouth of harbor, 1897. Plymouth Harbor, with view to re- moval ""Splitting Knife" and "Middle Ground" and north and .ir..... 189 south sides excavated channel, 339 Fifty-fifth. First-... 1897 1 877 1894, 1897. Rubblestone breakwater from Long ... do..... 3 1168 Sixtieth....... Second................. Beach along crest of Browns Island, 1907, 1908. Plymouth Harbor, dredging, 1910- ... do..... 31194 Sixty-second.. Third...... ....... 11.5 1 No maps. 2 Basis of original project adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1875. 4 8 Contains maps. Basis of existing project for protection of beach adopted by Congress Mar. 3, 1899. * Basis of existing project for dredging adopted by Congress Mar. 4, 1913. No expenditures were made and no work was done during the fiscal year on either the project for beach protection or on the project for dredging. The amount expended on the existing project for beach protection to June 30, 1913, was $100,176.28, including $18,800 for maintenance. In addition to the aforesaid amount expended under the present project, $3,954.42 has been expended for maintenance in redredging the turning basin, which had been dredged at the wharves under the project of March 3, 1875. By way of refundment, $4,530.12 was collected in 1906 as damages from the surety of a failing contractor. No expenditure has been made under the existing project of March 4, 1913, for dredging. Under the existing project for beach protection 12,459 linear feet of rubblestone dike have been built on Long Beach, which has resulted in strengthening the beach by the accretion of a large volume of sand and beach shingle; Eel River has been restored to its former course; 536 feet of stone dike have been built to prevent the river from being again turned into the sea; and 3,434 feet of the riprap dike (in two sections) extending along the seaward face of Long Beach have been repaired. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 101 No work has been done under the existing project of March 4, 1913, for dredging. The town of Plymouth at its own expense has restored and deep- ened to 10 feet at mean low water the channel and basin completed by the Government. The maximum draft that can be carried, June 30, 1913, at mean low water, over the shoalest part of the locality under improvement is 10 feet. The mean range of tide is 10.1 feet. The commerce consists chiefly of coal and lumber, of which 39,860 short tons were received in 1908; 37,840 in 1909; 39,848 in 1910; 48,657 in 1911; and 37,620 in 1912, valued at about $200,000. It is reported by the harbor master at Plymouth that the improve- ment of this locality by the United States has effected a saving of 50 cents per ton in freight rates. No estimate of additional funds required is submitted, for the rea- sori that the available funds in hand are sufficient. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended___________ __ 1$10, 000 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913__ 83, 500 u 1 , , unexpend------------------------------93, 500 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ' existing project for beach protection________ ____------ 20, 700 (b) Harbor at Provincetown, Mass.-This is an important harbor of refuge in the bight at the extremity of Cape Cod, about 40 miles southeast from Boston Light at the entrance to Boston Harbor. In its original condition the width and depth of its entrance and the depth of its anchorage area, about 4,000 acres at the 18-foot con- tour lying within an east and west line through Wood End, were am- ple for the largest vessels, but actual or threatened inroads by the sea across the low and narrow part of the cape east of the town, and at intervals along about 1 miles of the narrow beach southwest of the town, were a serious menace to the harbor. The original project, adopted by the act of May 20, 1826, was " for the preservation of the point of land forming Provincetown Harbor." The project from 1826 continuously to this date has been, by build- ing dikes and groins and by other sand-catching devices, to arrest the erosion and promote the accretion of the barrier of beach and sand dunes which protects and preserves the harbor. No modification has been made in the existing project since its adoption. % 1 $331.94 carried to surplus fund June 30, 1912. Exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. 102 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. References to eamination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. Hose or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. Description and plan of works, ........................................ 18761 181 Provincetown Harbor. Do......... .. .. ... ..... ................ ............................. 1879 273 ..... Do....................... ..................... .. ................ ........... 18861 574 For protection most slender part of House... 28 Fifty-fifth..... First...... 18971 878 beach, 1896. Protection of harbor by dike, 1910...... ... do..... 2821 Sixty-first..... Second............... 1 Contains maps. 2 No maps. During the fiscal year 30,045 tons of stone were deposited in the dike across House Point Island flats at an expenditure of $44,999.85, all for new work. Outstanding liabilities, $12,624.30. The amount expended to June 30, 1913, was $306,896.41, all applied to improvement. The preservation of the harbor, whose importance as a harbor of refuge requires no elaboration, depends upon the maintenance of the barrier from Abel Hill to Long Point as a protection against westerly and southwesterly seas. Since the commencement of the improve- ment it has been sought to maintain this barrier by means of timber structures of temporary character, designed to catch and hold the sand moved by the sea and wind. Although in the vicinity of and below Wood End they have been partially successful in accumulating sand moved by the wind, for the greater part of the distance between Abel Hill and Wood End they have failed in the long run to accom- plish their purpose, and now for a considerable part of this distance there exists between the ocean and the harbor only a light, sand-filled, wooden bulkhead, built on the beach whose crest is below the level of spring tides. The failure of these works may be attributed to absence of any great quantity of wind-driven sand, and to the inability of light timber structures to withstand the inroads of the sea. A rubblestone dike is about 80 per cent completed across House Point Island flats from the vicinity of Stevens Point to a point northeasterly from Wood End Light, with an appropriation of $140,000 made by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, and the balance available from prior appropriations. The extension of the beach protection at Long Point, contem- plated in the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, is not considered necessary at the present time. The maximum draft that can be carried to the anchorage is ample for the largest vessels. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet. The commerce of this port is a small factor in this improvement compared with the preservation of this very excellent and important harbor of refuge. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 103 July 1, 1912, balance unexpended--------------- --------- $100, 266. 41 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of 44, 999. 85 improvement 44, 999. 85 improvement ------------------------------------------------ July 1, 1913, balance unexpended--------------------------------55, 266. 56 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 12, 624. 30 July 1, 1913, balance available--------------------------------- 42, 642. 26 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 30, 621. 80 CONSOLIDATED. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 1 $110, 266. 41 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913_ 83, 500. 00 193, 766. 41 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement ----------------------------------------------- 44, 999. 85 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended-------------------- ---------- 148, 766. 56 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------ 12, 624. 30 July 1, 1913, balance available------------------ ---------- 136, 142. 26 July 1, 1913, amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 30, 621. 80 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------- ------------------------- 20, 700. 00 (See Appendix B 13.) 14. Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation.-(a) Wreck of schooner Davis Palmer, Broad Sound. Boston Harbor, Mass.-This five-masted schooner, with a cargo of coal, was sunk December 26, 1909. Work on the removal of this vessel, under formal contract, was begun on May 17, 1911, and com- pleted August 22, 1912, at a total expenditure of $7,250. (b) Wreckage on beach at Deer Island, Boston Harbor, Mass.- Two pieces of wreckage supposed to be from the schooner-barge Whit- man (which was wrecked March 6, 1913, on Devils Back, a ledge in Broad Sound, Boston Harbor), found floating in the harbor and beached on Deer Island, and a small fishing vessel (name unknown) beached on the inner shore of the same island, were authorized to be destroyed. Work was begun by hired labor June 27, 1913, and will be completed in the early part of the next fiscal year. No expendi- tures during the year; outstanding liabilities, $120.01. (See Appendix B 14.) EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JUNE 25, 1910. Reports dated October 10, 1910, and February 17, 1911, with map. on preliminary examination and survey, respectively, of Plymouth Harbor, Mass., required by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, were duly submitted by the district officer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and 1 $331.94 carried to surplus fund June 30, 1912. 2 Exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1913. 104 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 1194, Sixty-second Congress, third session. A plan of improvement, at an estimated cost of $167,000 for first construction, with approxi- mately $5,000 annually for maintenance, subject to the condition that one-half the estimated cost ($83,500) be borne by the State of Mas- sachusetts, is presented. EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RIVER AND HARBOR ACT AP- PROVED FEBRUARY 27, 1911. Report dated Juine 14, 1911, on preliminary examination of Cohas- sett Harbor, Mass., with a view to the construction of a channel 150 feet in width and 8 feet in depth, required by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, was duly submitted by the district officer. It was reyiewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 1052, Sixty-second Congress, third session. The improvement of this harbor by the United States in the manner apparently desired is not deemed advisable at the present time. EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RIVER AND HARBOR ACT AP- PROVED JULY 25, 1912. Reports on preliminary examinations made in compliance with river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district officer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination of Gloucester Harbor, Mass., with a view to the removal of certain ledges in Harbor Cove and securing a depth of 15 feet.-Report dated November 29, 1912, is printed in House Document No. 1357, Sixty-second Congress, third session. The improvement by the United States of this harbor in the manner desired is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Report on preliminary examination of harbor of refuge at or near Scituate, Mass.-Report dated May 1, 1913, is printed in House Document No. 102, Sixty-third Congress, first session. The im- provement by the United States of this locality in the manner de- sired is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local officer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Beverly Harbor, Mass., with a view to securing a channel depth of 24 feet and of widening the channel on the northern side by the removal of the ledge near the Essex Bridge. 2. Boston Harbor, Mass., with a view to securing increased width and depth in the channel from President Roads to the sea; also with a view to providing deep-water connection with such suitable termi- nals as may be established by the directors of the port of Boston. 3. Merrimac River, Mass., with a view to securing increased depth from Lowell to the sea or in any part of this section of the river. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 105 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NEWPORT, R. I., DISTRICT. This district was in charge of Col. Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, until August 8, 1912, and in the charge of Col. John Millis, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineers, Col. William M. Black, Corps of Engineers, until June 13, 1913, and Col. Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 1. Improving Pollock Rip Channel through the shoals lying near the entrance to Nantucket Sound; Mass.-The northerly passage over the shoals near the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound, known as the Monomoy Shoal, is very crooked, and in places narrow. It is subject to very strong tides and directly exposed to the full force of the easterly storms of the ocean. This passage is about 122 miles in length measured from the Handkerchief Light Vessel to the whis- tlingbuoy north of Pollock Rip Slue, and with a 21-foot depth varies in width from about 2,000 to 3,600 feet with a width of many miles as the Handkerchief Light Vessel is approached. The limiting depth in this northerly passage over the shoals is about 27 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 3.7 feet. The locality is about 26 miles to the eastward of Vineyard Haven Harbor and about 60 miles to the southward of Provincetown at the northern extremnity of Cape Cod. The existing project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doe. No. 536, 62d Cong., 2d sess., with map), provides for the improvement of the north or Pollock Rip Channel through the shoals lying near the entrance to Nantucket Sound by dredging to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water, using for the purpose an available Government-owned plant under appropriations aggregating $250,000 to make a more definite determination as to what amount of additional work of improvement is advisable. No improvement of this locality has been made prior to work under the existing project. No modifications have been made in the existing project since its adoption. The reports on the preliminary examina- tion and survey of this locality are printed with map in House Docu- ment No. 536, Sixty-second Congress, second session. Operations were commenced under the project in October, 1912, using the Gov- ernment-owned suction dredge Navesink and hired labor. Dredging was begun on the northerly side of Stone Horse Shoal, which projects into the proposed channel at its southerly end, and since beginning work $81,753.37 has been expended on the project for improvement. Results of this dredging will be shown by a survey now in progress. At the end of the fiscal year, 47 per cent of the project had been com- pleted and it is believed that the dredging that has been done has accomplished the deepening to 30 feet of the northern portion of Stone Horse Shoal for a distance of 1,800 feet south of gas buoy No. 5 and that the survey now in progress will show that the buoy can be moved south about 1,800 feet, enabling shipping to utilize this larger entrance. Dredging has been carried on over all that portion of Stone Horse Shoal lying within the proposed channel lines and no obstructions have been found that would make it impracticable to remove the shoal with the plant now employed on the work. The limiting depth of 27 feet will remain till a channel of greater depth 106 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. is dredged between Bearses and Pollock Rip Shoals at the northerly end of the proposed straight channel. It is estimated that a commerce of over 20,000,000 short tons an- nually will be benefited greatly if it be practicable to construct and maintain the proposed channel. It is impracticable to estimate the value of the commerce passing through this locality. Six months' report of U. S. dredge Navesink shows 4,238 craft passing in day- light. The effect of the imprbvement in freight rates, if any, will not be known till the improvement is completed. It is proposed to apply the funds already appropriated to improve- ment in continuing excavation of the proposed straight channel. Upon completion'of the experimental dredging now in progress and after observation of the results accomplished by it, further recommendation will be made in regard to the desirability of con- tinuing this improvement. Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912__ ------------------------------------------------ $125, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved Mar. 4, 1913------------ -- ---------------------------------- 125, 000. 00 250,000. 00 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for works of improvement----------- -------------------------------- 81, 753. 37 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended---------------------------- 168, 246. 63 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 36, 202. 34 July 1, 1913, balance available ------------------------------ 132, 044. 29 (See Appendix C 1.) 2. Harbor at Hyannis, Mass.-The harbor of Hyannis, in dimen- sions, is about 21 miles easterly and westerly and three-fourths of a mile northerly and southerly, and lies on the south shore of the penin- sula of Cape Cod and about 15 miles to the westward of the heel of the cape, and is an important harbor of refuge for the smaller class of vessels passing through Nantucket Sound. Fifteen and one-half feet can be brought into the anchorage area behind the breakwater at mean low water. The mean range of tide at the entrance and in the harbor is 3.3 feet. The harbor is about 20 miles east-northeast from Vineyard Haven on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and about 85 miles from the harbor of Provincetown at the northern extremity of Cape Cod, which is the first sheltered harbor to be en- countered after leaving Hyannis in rounding the cape. This harbor, before improvement, was an open roadstead, exposed to southerly storms. About 8 feet at mean low water could be carried to the site of the preqent wharf of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co. In the years 1827-1838 a breakwater 1,170 feet long was constructed of riprap granite, covering an anchorage of about 175 acres, the en- trance to which has a depth of about 15.5 feet. Between the years 1852 and 1882 extensive repairs were made, increasing the width of the base of the breakwater and the size of the stone forming its sides and top. Under the 1884 project the 36 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 107 additional acres had been dredged to 15.5 feet at mean low water, and two cuts, each 25 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water, had been dredged in the channel leading to the wharf of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co., which is about 1,500 feet from the entrance to the harbor, completing the project. The sum of $123,431.82 had been expended at this harbor prior to operations under existing project. The existing project, that of August 5, 1886, House Document No. 96, Forty-eighth Congress, second sesion, with map; also printed at page 619, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1885, with maps at page 560 of same report, provided for deedging to 15.5 feet at low water about 36 acres area north of the existing breakwater, so as to increase the deep-water anchorage by that amount, all at a total estimated cost at that time of $45,743.20, increased $30,568.94 in ac- cordance with the report of November 27, 1899, printed in House Document No. 79, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, also printed without map on page 1284, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1900, and adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, making the total estimated cost $76,312.14. The only change by this modification was in the estimated cost of the work. The project under which the work has been conducted and, which has been completed provided for deepening to 15.5 feet at mean low water an area of about 36 acres north of the existing breakwater to increase the deep-water anchorage by that amount. At the adoption of this project the 15.5-foot depth anchorage covered only about 47 acres, and the 36 additional acres to be dredged carried a depth of from 7 to 15.5 feet of water at low water. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. ................................... ...... 18841 592 .............................. 1885 1 560 ................................... ...... 1885 2 619 ................. ........................ 18931 804 Entire improvement .. ................ ........................................... ..... ..... 1895 656 ....... ...... .......... ............. ......... .. 18952 744 ... 19031 788 Housea . 1 96 Forty-eighth.. Second.... 1885 1 619 House . s 79 Fifty-sixth.... First...... 19002 1284 1 Contains maps. s No maps. ' Basis of project adopted by Congress. The total amount expended on this project to June 30, 1913, was $74,112.19, of which $161.43 was applied to maintenance. No work was done and no funds expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913. Some deterioration has taken place in the depth of the harbor, and in the extreme northwesterly corner it is 9.6 feet at mean low tide. 108 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. The greater portion of the area dredged maintains its depth. The principal value of this harbor to commerce is as a harbor of refuge for coasters and fishing vessels. The actual commerce of the place is, in general, lumber and other building materials, coal, and fish, aggregating in the last calendar year 3,064 short tons, valued at $243,728. So far as known, the improvement has had no effect on freight rates. It is proposed to expend $24,000, the amount appropriated by the river and harbor act of March 4; 1913, for maintenance, in restoring the depth of 15.5 feet at the points where shoaling has occurred. This amount being sufficient for the purpose, no estimate is sub- mitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended-- ---------------------------- $243, 74 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 4, 1913 24, 000.00 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended_ ---------------------- - 24, 243. 74 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------- 39. 17 July 1, 1913, balance available __----------------......- - 24, 204. 57 (See Appendix C 2.) 3. Htrbor of refuge at Nantucket, Mass.-.This harbor is the only one between the harbors of Marthas Vineyard (Vineyard Haven and Edgartown) and Provincetown, a distance of 100 miles, except the small harbor of Hyannis on the north side of Nantucket Sound. It has a total area, below " First Point " on Coatue Beach. of about 502 acres, of which 102 acres has a depth of water in excess of 12 feet, and the object of the improvement is to make it a harbor of refuge for vessels plying between ports north and south of Cape Cod. Incidentally, it forms a commercial harbor for the island of Nantucket, and it is the only one on the island. So far as known, it has never been used to any great extent as a harbor of refuge. It is 32 miles from the harbor of Vineyard Haven on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 80 miles from the harbor of Province- town at the northern extremity of Cape Cod, which is the first sheltered harbor to be encountered in rounding the cape. There is an available channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide into the harbor. The mean range of the tide at the entrance and within the harbor is 3 feet. In its original condition the channel entrance was obstructed by a bar 1.5 miles in width, on which there was only 6 feet of water at mean low tide, the channel being very crooked and subject to changes in location. Between 1829 and 1844 an ineffectual attempt was made to dredge a channel through the bar; and $45,734.75 was expended prior to be- ginning operations under the existing project. The existing project, adopted June 14, 1880 (House Doc. No. 18, 46th Cong., 2d sess.; p. 423, Annual Report of Chief of Engineers for 1880, Part I), and modified July 21, 1885 (p. 564, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1885), provides for the construction of two converging jetties on either side of the entrance to the harbor and for dredging when necessary in order to obtain a channel depth of from 12 to 15 feet at mean low water. Estimated cost, $375,000, exclusive of cost of dredging. In 1905 a further modification of the BIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 109 project was made by adding $100,000 for dredging to the original esti- mated cost of the project, making the total estimated cost $475,000. The actual project under which work is at present conducted pro- vides for securing channel depth of 12 to 15 feet at mean low water from Nantucket Sound into the harbor, that depth to be secured and maintained by means of converging jetties and by dredging between them. References to examination or survey reports and maps or plans (including project documents). Annual reports Congressional documents. of Chief of Engineers. Section covered. House. or No. Congress. Session. Year. Page. Senate. .......... ........................ House... 97 Twentieth.... Second ... ... ........ 1)................................ .. do....{. (Pt. 3) Forty-third. . .do...... 1875 {(Pt.II) 2.................. 1880 423 Project documents 2................... ouse 18 Forty-sixth............. 1885 564 1 No maps. 2Contains maps. No work was done during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $10.95, for con- tingencies. The amount expended on the existing project up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, exclusive of outstanding liabili- ties, was $471,804, of which $85,522.85 was for maintenance. Of the maintenance expenditures, $7,210 was used on the west jetty, $6,312.90 on the east jetty, and $71,999.95 on dredging. In the original project for this work the height of the jetties above mean low water was left to be determined by experience, and it will be some years before the work can be considered as completed. Up to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, the eastern jetty had been built to its full length, but only of partial cross sec- tion; the west jetty had been built out 83 per cent of its total pro- jected length. In 1912, a channel was dredged to a depth of 15 feet and approximately 200 feet wide with a central portion 17 feet deep and 100 feet wide. Since the work was done, this channel has shoaled, to from 15 to 18 feet. The shoalest part of the locality under improvement is 12.8 feet at mean low tide. The length of the channel between the inside and outside 17-foot contours is 1.4 miles. The entire commerce of Nantucket is carried on at this harbor, and amounted in the year 1912 to about 33,742 short tons, valued at $1,476,131.20, consisting mainly of general merchandise, building material, coal, forage, grain, live stock, fish, and shellfish. The harbor was also used to a small extent as a harbor of refuge for small fishing vessels and yachts. So far as known the project has had no effect on freight rates. No estimate is submitted for funds desired during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, as the funds avilable are considered sufficient 110 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. for all contemplated improvement and maintenance till that date. It is proposed to apply the available funds and those appropriated March 4, 1913, for continuing improvement and for maintenance, to enlarging and maintaining the channel by dredging to 17 feet deep at mean low water for a width of 200 feet, and to such work on the jetties as may be desirable. For reference to reports containing more detailed information, see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1905, page 76. July 1, 1912, balance unexpended----------------------------$7, 533. 70 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved March 4, 1913--------- ----------------------------------------- 51, 312. 00 58, 845. 70 June 30, 1913, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance of improvement -------------------------------------------- 10. 95 July 1, 1913, balance unexpended--- ------------------------- 58,834. 75 July 1, 1913, outstanding liabilities------------------------------- 42. 99 July 1, 1913, balance available---------------------------- -- 58, 791. 76 (See Appendix C 3.) 4. Woods Hole Channel, Mass.-Woods Hole Channel is a water- way on strait connecting Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound through the so-called " Great Harbor," lying near the southwestern part of Cape Cod, Mass. It is about 17 miles easterly from New Bedford and 6 miles northwesterly from Vineyard Haven. That part of the channel under improvement is 3,500 feet long and 300 feet wide with a branch channel, called "Broadway Channel " 1,300 feet long and 300 feet wide leading toward Vineyard Sound. Thirteen-feet draft can be brought into the main channel from the ocean. The mean range of the tide is 4 feet at the Buzzards Bay end of the channel and 1.65 feet at the Vineyard Sound end. Little Harbor lies to the east of Great Harbor and is separated from it by Parkers Neck. Before improvement in the strait the channels were crooked and obstructed by bowlders, and the velocity of the currents at certain stages of the tide was from 5 to 7 miles per hour. The site of the wharves and basins of the United States Fish Commission and Revenue-Marine Service was a submerged point of land from the shore of Great Harbor. The original project of 1879 provided for making a channel through the bar at the entrance to Little Harbor and widening and deepening the channel through the strait. The project of 1883, ex- tended in 1884 and 1886, provided for the construction of retaining walls on shore, a stone pier, and a wooden wharf, mainly for the use of the United States Fish Commission and incidentally for the use of other branches of the public service, all of which work had been com- pleted prior to 1889. The project of March 3, 1905, provided for widening and deepen- ing the entrance channel to the wharf of the Lighthouse Establish- ment in Little Harbor, which was completed in 1905. The amount expended on the original and modified projects prior to beginning operations on the existing project was $113,599.92, by which the entrance to Little Harbor had been dredged to 12 feet depth at mean low water and a width of 150 feet with a turning basin 300 feet wide in front of the wharf of the Lighthouse Establishment, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 111 and a direct channel 9 feet deep had been dredged through the strait. The retaining walls, stone pier, and wooden wharves at the United States Fish Commission had also been built and repaired. The existing project that of June 3, 1896, provides for deepening the channel through the strait to 13 feet at mean low water, and widening the same to 300 feet, with a branch channel of same dimen- sions leading from the strait toward Vineyard Sound; estimated cost $396,000. The report on the survey up